Malhar Rao Holkar (16 March 1693 - 20 May 1766) was a noble of the Maratha Empire, in present day India.
Biography
He was born at Hol, near Jejuri, Pune District on 16 March 1693, to Shrimant Khanduji Holkar, of Vir.
He along with Balaji Vishwanath (later was honoured by appointing as the Peshwa), Baji Rao I, Santaji Bhosale, Dabhade, Balaji Pant Bhanu assisted a young Shahu to consolidate his grip on an empire that had been racked by civil war and persistent attack by the Mughals under Aurangzeb.
He rose from shepherd origins by his own ability.[1] He was appointed by the Peshwa as one of the three sardars charged with collecting the revenues of Malwa in 1724. In 1726, he was appointed to the command of 5,000 strong cavalry, and in 1728, he was granted a jagir of eleven mahals. He was appointed as the Chief of the Army together with the Sarjami of seventy four parganas on 3rd October 1730. He was granted two regions of Malwa on 2nd November 1731. His grants were made hereditary to his issue by Gautama Bai, who also received Maheshwar, Indore and nine other villages on 20 January 1734.
One of the foremost commanders of the Maratha confedaracy, he participated in the great victory near Delhi in 1736, and the defeat of the Nizam at Tal Bhopal in 1738. He also wrested Bassein from the Portuguese in 1739. He received Rampura, Bhanpura and Tonk in 1743, for the assistance given to Sawai Madho Singh of Jaipur in his contest with Ishwari Singh. Granted an Imperial Sardeshmuckhi for Chandore, for his gallantry in the Rohilla campaign of 1748.
Malharrao Holkar, Jayappa Scindia, Gangadhar Tatya, Tukojirao Holkar, Khanderao Holkar went to help Safdarjung against Shadulla Khan, Ahmed Khan Bangash, Mohamud Khan, Bahadur Khan Rohilla as per the directions of Peshwa. In the Battle of Fatthegad and Farukhabad they defeated the Rohillas and Bangash (March 1751-April 1752). When Moghul Emperor came to know that Ahmedshah Abdali had attacked Punjab in December 1751 he asked Safdarjung to make peace with Rohillas and Bangash. On 12th April 1752 Safdarjung agreed to help Mahrattas but Emperor didn’t ratify it and Emperor signed a treaty with Ahmedshah Abdali on 23rd April 1752. However Peshwa asked Malharrao Holkar to return to Pune as Salabat Khan had attacked Pune.
The Marathas had attacked Kumher Fort on 20 January 1754 AD. They besieged the Kumher Fort till 18 May 1754. The war continued for about four months. During the war Khanderao Holkar, son of Malharrao Holkar, was one day inspecting his army in an open palanquin, when he was fired upon from the fort and a cannonball hit him and he was killed on 17 March 1754. Malhar Rao got very angry on the death of his only son and wanted to take revenge and vowed that he would cut off the head of Maharaja Suraj Mal and throw the soil of fort into Yamuna after destroying it. Marathas increased the pressure and Suraj Mal defended pacifly. Suraj Mal was isolated and no other ruler was ready to help him. At this moment Maharaja Suraj Mal was counseled by Maharani Kishori, who assured him not to worry and started the diplomatic efforts.
She contacted Diwan Roop Ram Katara. She knew that there is a strong enmity between Malharrao Holkar and Jayappa Sindhia and that Jayappa Sindhia was very firm in determinations. She advised Maharaja Suraj Mal to take advantage of mutual differences within Marathas. Diwan Roop Ram Katara was a friend of Jayappa Sindhia. She requested Diwan Roop Ram Katara to take letter of Maharaja Suraj Mal with a proposal of a treaty. Jayappa Sindhia assured to assist and contacted Raghunathrao. Raghunathrao in turn advised Holkar for treaty with Suraj Mal. Malhar Rao Holkar assessed the situation and consented for treaty due to fear of isolation and severe war. This led to a treaty between both rulers on 18 May 1754. This treaty proved very beneficial for Maharaja Suraj Mal. [2]
Malharrao Holkar, Raghunathrao, Shamsher Bahadur, Gangadhar Tatya, Sakharambapu, Naroshankar, Maujiram Bania, attacked Delhi on 11 August 1757 and defeated Najib Khan and Ahmed Khan became the Mir Bakshi in his place. In March 1758 they conquered Sarhind, On 20 April 1758 Malharrao Holkar and Raghunathrao Conquered Lahore. Tukojirao Holkar Conquered Attock. Sabaji Scindia , Vitthal Shivdev meet them at Peshawar. Raghunathrao and Malharrao Holkar returned from Punjab.
He was raised to the rank of Subedar in 1757.
It is alleged that he fled the battle-field in the Third Battle of Panipat (14/01/1761). It is written by many historians that he fought courageously in the battle-field. It is also written that Sadashivrao Bhau had entrusted him the job of saving Parvatibai as soon as told to do so. When Vishwasrao was killed and Sadashivrao Bhau felt they were about to be defeated he sent a message to Malharrao to immediately act as per directions and leave the battlefield. Malharrao acted as per the directions of Sadashivrao and saved Parvatibai. If it was so, as alleged, then Peshwa would have never returned the Subedari to Malharrao. Malharrao was considered to be the right hand of Peshwa.
He set aside personal enimity with Surajmal Jat, who killed his son Khanderao, for the sake of Maratha Confederation. Moreover Malharrao Holkar and Surajmal Jat had advised Sadashivraobhau to use the Guerrilla warfare against Ahmedshah Abdali instead of direct war which was ridiculed by Bhau. Nana Phadnawis has stated that at that time Bhau didn't show his usual cleverness and rejected the advise of Malharrao Holkar and Surajmal Jat.
He married Gautama Bai Sahib Holkar (d. 29 September 1761) in 1717. She was the daughter of his uncle, Shrimant Sardar Bhojirajrao Bargal, of Talode. He also married Bana Bai Sahib Holkar, Dwarka Bai Sahib Holkar, Harku Bai Sahib Holkar, a Khanda Rani. He died at Alampur, 20 May 1766, and was succeeded by his grandson,Malerao Holkar II having had issue one son and two daughters. He is considered as one of the architects of Maratha control over India.
Malharao Hokar's tomb is located in Alampur ( Tahasil - Laar, District- Bhind M.P.) in neglected state
Ahilyabai Holkar (1725-1795) was a great ruler and the Queen of the Kingdom of Malwa. Popularly known as Rajmata Ahilyadevi Holkar and she was born in 1725 in the village of Chondi in Maharashtra, India. She was the daughter of Mankoji Shinde who belonged to the Dhangar community, serving as patil of the village. Her father educated her himself and she grew up living a humble pious life, when one day, her destiny changed forever to eventually see her become the ruler of Malwa in the 18th century.
Young Ahilyadevi's character and simplicity impressed Malhar Rao Holkar, who then served under Peshwa Bajirao's army as a commander. So great was his liking for the girl, that she was married to his son, Khande Rao, thus becoming a bride in the esteemed Maratha community of the Holkars. After her husband's death in the battle of Kumbher in 1754, Ahilyabai was introduced to the administrative and military affairs of the state by her father-in-law, which saw her perform brilliantly under his guidance.
After Malhar Rao's death, she requested the Peshwa to grant her the power to lead the administration of the region. His approval saw Rani Ahilyadevi take hold of the reins of the state in 1766, to become ruler of Malwa, with Tukoji Holkar appointed as her new military head. Receiving the full support of her loyal army, Ahilyadevi led them into several wars, whilst, she being a brave warrior and skilled archer herself, fought with valor atop elephant-back, even protecting her kingdom from the plundering Bhils and Gonds.
Rani Ahilyabai moved her capital to Maheshwar, constructing the splendid 18th century Maratha-architecture based, Ahilya Fort, on the banks of the sacred Narmada River. Besides her capital being an industrial enterprise for textile, it was also a thriving destination for literary, sculpture, music and arts, which saw Moropant, the famous Marathi poet, the Shahir Anantaphandi and Sanskrit scholar, Khushali Ram, being patronized during her era.
A wise, just and enlightened ruler who cared for her people, she was available to the aid of everyone holding a daily public audience in her court. During her glorious reign (1767-1795), Rani Ahilyadevi's innumerable contributions made her a beloved and respected queen amongst her people in a prospering kingdom. She wisely spent the governmental money building several forts, rest houses, wells and roads, celebrating festivals and donations to Hindu temples.
Her feminine side saw her aid widows in retaining their husband's wealth and in adoption of a son. Besides her transformation of Indore from an erstwhile village into a prosperous and enchanting city, she is also accredited with renovating temples. Her most memorable activities include the construction of numerous temples and pilgrimage centers across an area extending from the Himalayas to South India, at sacred sites like Kashi, Gaya, Somnath, Ayodhya, Mathura, Hardwar, Dwarka, Badrinarayan, Rameshwar and Jaganathpuri.
Ahilyabai Holkar's magnificent and glorious rule ended when she passed away in 1795. In memory and honour of her greatness, the Republic of India issued a commemorative stamp on 25 August 1996. The citizens of Indore also instituted an award in her name in 1996, to be bestowed annually on an outstanding public figure, the first recipient of it being Nanaji Deshmukh.
Biography
He was born at Hol, near Jejuri, Pune District on 16 March 1693, to Shrimant Khanduji Holkar, of Vir.
He along with Balaji Vishwanath (later was honoured by appointing as the Peshwa), Baji Rao I, Santaji Bhosale, Dabhade, Balaji Pant Bhanu assisted a young Shahu to consolidate his grip on an empire that had been racked by civil war and persistent attack by the Mughals under Aurangzeb.
He rose from shepherd origins by his own ability.[1] He was appointed by the Peshwa as one of the three sardars charged with collecting the revenues of Malwa in 1724. In 1726, he was appointed to the command of 5,000 strong cavalry, and in 1728, he was granted a jagir of eleven mahals. He was appointed as the Chief of the Army together with the Sarjami of seventy four parganas on 3rd October 1730. He was granted two regions of Malwa on 2nd November 1731. His grants were made hereditary to his issue by Gautama Bai, who also received Maheshwar, Indore and nine other villages on 20 January 1734.
One of the foremost commanders of the Maratha confedaracy, he participated in the great victory near Delhi in 1736, and the defeat of the Nizam at Tal Bhopal in 1738. He also wrested Bassein from the Portuguese in 1739. He received Rampura, Bhanpura and Tonk in 1743, for the assistance given to Sawai Madho Singh of Jaipur in his contest with Ishwari Singh. Granted an Imperial Sardeshmuckhi for Chandore, for his gallantry in the Rohilla campaign of 1748.
Malharrao Holkar, Jayappa Scindia, Gangadhar Tatya, Tukojirao Holkar, Khanderao Holkar went to help Safdarjung against Shadulla Khan, Ahmed Khan Bangash, Mohamud Khan, Bahadur Khan Rohilla as per the directions of Peshwa. In the Battle of Fatthegad and Farukhabad they defeated the Rohillas and Bangash (March 1751-April 1752). When Moghul Emperor came to know that Ahmedshah Abdali had attacked Punjab in December 1751 he asked Safdarjung to make peace with Rohillas and Bangash. On 12th April 1752 Safdarjung agreed to help Mahrattas but Emperor didn’t ratify it and Emperor signed a treaty with Ahmedshah Abdali on 23rd April 1752. However Peshwa asked Malharrao Holkar to return to Pune as Salabat Khan had attacked Pune.
The Marathas had attacked Kumher Fort on 20 January 1754 AD. They besieged the Kumher Fort till 18 May 1754. The war continued for about four months. During the war Khanderao Holkar, son of Malharrao Holkar, was one day inspecting his army in an open palanquin, when he was fired upon from the fort and a cannonball hit him and he was killed on 17 March 1754. Malhar Rao got very angry on the death of his only son and wanted to take revenge and vowed that he would cut off the head of Maharaja Suraj Mal and throw the soil of fort into Yamuna after destroying it. Marathas increased the pressure and Suraj Mal defended pacifly. Suraj Mal was isolated and no other ruler was ready to help him. At this moment Maharaja Suraj Mal was counseled by Maharani Kishori, who assured him not to worry and started the diplomatic efforts.
She contacted Diwan Roop Ram Katara. She knew that there is a strong enmity between Malharrao Holkar and Jayappa Sindhia and that Jayappa Sindhia was very firm in determinations. She advised Maharaja Suraj Mal to take advantage of mutual differences within Marathas. Diwan Roop Ram Katara was a friend of Jayappa Sindhia. She requested Diwan Roop Ram Katara to take letter of Maharaja Suraj Mal with a proposal of a treaty. Jayappa Sindhia assured to assist and contacted Raghunathrao. Raghunathrao in turn advised Holkar for treaty with Suraj Mal. Malhar Rao Holkar assessed the situation and consented for treaty due to fear of isolation and severe war. This led to a treaty between both rulers on 18 May 1754. This treaty proved very beneficial for Maharaja Suraj Mal. [2]
Malharrao Holkar, Raghunathrao, Shamsher Bahadur, Gangadhar Tatya, Sakharambapu, Naroshankar, Maujiram Bania, attacked Delhi on 11 August 1757 and defeated Najib Khan and Ahmed Khan became the Mir Bakshi in his place. In March 1758 they conquered Sarhind, On 20 April 1758 Malharrao Holkar and Raghunathrao Conquered Lahore. Tukojirao Holkar Conquered Attock. Sabaji Scindia , Vitthal Shivdev meet them at Peshawar. Raghunathrao and Malharrao Holkar returned from Punjab.
He was raised to the rank of Subedar in 1757.
It is alleged that he fled the battle-field in the Third Battle of Panipat (14/01/1761). It is written by many historians that he fought courageously in the battle-field. It is also written that Sadashivrao Bhau had entrusted him the job of saving Parvatibai as soon as told to do so. When Vishwasrao was killed and Sadashivrao Bhau felt they were about to be defeated he sent a message to Malharrao to immediately act as per directions and leave the battlefield. Malharrao acted as per the directions of Sadashivrao and saved Parvatibai. If it was so, as alleged, then Peshwa would have never returned the Subedari to Malharrao. Malharrao was considered to be the right hand of Peshwa.
He set aside personal enimity with Surajmal Jat, who killed his son Khanderao, for the sake of Maratha Confederation. Moreover Malharrao Holkar and Surajmal Jat had advised Sadashivraobhau to use the Guerrilla warfare against Ahmedshah Abdali instead of direct war which was ridiculed by Bhau. Nana Phadnawis has stated that at that time Bhau didn't show his usual cleverness and rejected the advise of Malharrao Holkar and Surajmal Jat.
He married Gautama Bai Sahib Holkar (d. 29 September 1761) in 1717. She was the daughter of his uncle, Shrimant Sardar Bhojirajrao Bargal, of Talode. He also married Bana Bai Sahib Holkar, Dwarka Bai Sahib Holkar, Harku Bai Sahib Holkar, a Khanda Rani. He died at Alampur, 20 May 1766, and was succeeded by his grandson,Malerao Holkar II having had issue one son and two daughters. He is considered as one of the architects of Maratha control over India.
Malharao Hokar's tomb is located in Alampur ( Tahasil - Laar, District- Bhind M.P.) in neglected state
Ahilyabai Holkar (1725-1795) was a great ruler and the Queen of the Kingdom of Malwa. Popularly known as Rajmata Ahilyadevi Holkar and she was born in 1725 in the village of Chondi in Maharashtra, India. She was the daughter of Mankoji Shinde who belonged to the Dhangar community, serving as patil of the village. Her father educated her himself and she grew up living a humble pious life, when one day, her destiny changed forever to eventually see her become the ruler of Malwa in the 18th century.
Young Ahilyadevi's character and simplicity impressed Malhar Rao Holkar, who then served under Peshwa Bajirao's army as a commander. So great was his liking for the girl, that she was married to his son, Khande Rao, thus becoming a bride in the esteemed Maratha community of the Holkars. After her husband's death in the battle of Kumbher in 1754, Ahilyabai was introduced to the administrative and military affairs of the state by her father-in-law, which saw her perform brilliantly under his guidance.
After Malhar Rao's death, she requested the Peshwa to grant her the power to lead the administration of the region. His approval saw Rani Ahilyadevi take hold of the reins of the state in 1766, to become ruler of Malwa, with Tukoji Holkar appointed as her new military head. Receiving the full support of her loyal army, Ahilyadevi led them into several wars, whilst, she being a brave warrior and skilled archer herself, fought with valor atop elephant-back, even protecting her kingdom from the plundering Bhils and Gonds.
Rani Ahilyabai moved her capital to Maheshwar, constructing the splendid 18th century Maratha-architecture based, Ahilya Fort, on the banks of the sacred Narmada River. Besides her capital being an industrial enterprise for textile, it was also a thriving destination for literary, sculpture, music and arts, which saw Moropant, the famous Marathi poet, the Shahir Anantaphandi and Sanskrit scholar, Khushali Ram, being patronized during her era.
A wise, just and enlightened ruler who cared for her people, she was available to the aid of everyone holding a daily public audience in her court. During her glorious reign (1767-1795), Rani Ahilyadevi's innumerable contributions made her a beloved and respected queen amongst her people in a prospering kingdom. She wisely spent the governmental money building several forts, rest houses, wells and roads, celebrating festivals and donations to Hindu temples.
Her feminine side saw her aid widows in retaining their husband's wealth and in adoption of a son. Besides her transformation of Indore from an erstwhile village into a prosperous and enchanting city, she is also accredited with renovating temples. Her most memorable activities include the construction of numerous temples and pilgrimage centers across an area extending from the Himalayas to South India, at sacred sites like Kashi, Gaya, Somnath, Ayodhya, Mathura, Hardwar, Dwarka, Badrinarayan, Rameshwar and Jaganathpuri.
Ahilyabai Holkar's magnificent and glorious rule ended when she passed away in 1795. In memory and honour of her greatness, the Republic of India issued a commemorative stamp on 25 August 1996. The citizens of Indore also instituted an award in her name in 1996, to be bestowed annually on an outstanding public figure, the first recipient of it being Nanaji Deshmukh.
Ahilya Bai was born in a middle class family in 1725. Her father Mankoji Shinde was Patil of the village, Chounde, in Beed Taluka of Aurangabad district. "Her entrance on the stage of history was something of an accident." Malhar Rao was on his way to Pune when he stopped at Chounde for a while and saw the 8 year old Ahilya Bai at the temple service in the village. He atonce recognised signs of piety, intelligence and nobility in the girl and decided to have her as a bride for his only son Khande Rao. In 1737 she was married to Khandoji. By this time, Malharji Holkar was a famous man, having risen both in fame and fortune. In 1741 he built his palace at Indore over looking the river Khan and encouraged traders and merchants to come and settle there. In 1741 he issued a "warrant of protection" to those who would come and populate Maheshwar, promising grant of land and houses to his officers as well as to merchants, weavers and other craftmen. Later, Ahilya Bai chose Maheshwar as her capital and the place became famous throughout India.
From 1748 onwards, Sarkar Malharji's position in Malwa became firm and secure. He became 'Kingmaker' in Northern and Central India and rich tribute exacted from the princes of Rajputana and others, and various grants received from the Peshwa as Mokasa, Sardeshmukhi, Kamavishee and Patilki in recognition of his services to the Maratha empire made him rich and master of an extensive territory lying on both the sides of Narmada as well as Sahyadri. He had also received some grants of forts and places like Chandwad from the Emperor for helping him against own subordinates. Amidst all this success and plentiful enterprises, death of his only son, who was struck by a cannon ball during the siege of Kumbher (near Deeg in Rajasthan), on 24 March 1754, was like a bolt from the blue "to the great grief of his aged father and lamentations of his youngwife." Ahilya Bai gave up the idea of becoming Sati on the entreaties of Malhar Rao and, to quote her biographer "gave to the world what otherwise would have remained a Sealed Book – a splendid example of Aryan Rule under an Aryan Lady."
We get a fair idea of how Malhar Rao Holkar, after the death of his only son during the siege of Kumher in 1754, trained Ahilya Bai in matters of State and governance. He kept Ahilya Bai informed about the political developments, such as his dealings with Najib–ud–daula and how Awadh was seeking his help, and about his own movements. After Panipat (1761) he was the only Maratha Sardar whose presence carried weight in the North. In another letter Malhar Rao asks her to have light guns and gun–balls manufactured. Father–in–law's training was paternal but strict "... see that you reach Gwalior without halting for a moment at Mathura, though you wish to stop there." In a letter of 16 March 1765, Malhar Rao wrote, "A messenger told us that you captured Gohadkars' fort with a cannon : You should now stay at Gwalior and manufacture gun – balls the ruler of Gohad must, this year be crushed." In two letter relating to officials who had 'defaulted in' their duty, Malhar Rao asks her to make them return what they had taken (misappropriated) or attach the parganah.
Malhar's grand–son was young and the veteran of hundred battles knew that his daughter–in–law should be trained in all matters relating to wars as well as governance as best as possible. He advises her to fully weigh the strength and number of the enemy. "Do not rush head–long. Allow personality and prestige their own effect to work ... never let the artillery be away from your sight. "Least power and greatest weight" should be your maxim and rule".
Ahilya Bai used this maxim and rule in a totally different field which not even Malhar could have ever thought of i.e. in building ghats, temples, rest houses and whenever required, she would write letters, such a to a Raja of Orissa, the Nawab of Kurnool, the Nizam of Hyderabad, the Nawab of Awadh, to the Rajput rulers politely conveying her desire to build a temple or a bathing ghat or to lay a garden near a temple at her own cost but quite often mere mention of her name sufficed and her officials and architects carried out, as directed by her, the construction works, keeping her in touch with the progress. So many works were undertaken at her initiative that wherever one goes in India, specially to a holy place venerated by the Hindus, one find works of piety and charity attributed to Ahilya Bai.
After Malhar Rao's death in May 1766, Ahilya Bai's son Maloji received investiture from the Peshwa as Subedar "with full powers and undiminished territory on the condition of rendering faithful service to the Peshwa just as Malharji had done."
Devi Ahilya Bai's concern for Maloji, the only surviving scion of Malhar Rao's family was natural; she wanted him to be a worthy successor of his grand–father who had painstakingly built a large kingdom. In a letter she expresses her unhappiness for his silence over 2–3 letters sent to him. "Be writing to us and that too in detail. You must console yourself as directed in these letters ... Direct your thoughts to the future management of the state as well as maintenance of your own status ... Entertain broad views and management plans that elevate you even to a higher plane of fame than ever attained in the family ... (4th June 1766).
However, Maloji died in April 1767 after a brief reign of 8 months. Tukoji Holkar, who was not related to Malhar Rao's family in anyway, was invested, with Ahilya Bai's approval, with the power of Subedar on payment of Rs.16 lacs 62 thousand on the condition that he would serve the Peshwa in all his military campaigns. "Facts and courses of events, however, made Ahilya Bai the "De Facto Ruler" who received absolute obedience and respect from Tukoji to the commonest person.
Her high position and respect emanated from her exceptional qualities as a just and efficient ruler who ruled as if she was a Trustee of the State. She never observed purdah and held daily public audience and was accessible to the commonest of her subjects. Sir John Malcolm writes about her, forty years after her death, "Her first principle of Government appears to have been moderate assessment and an almost sacred respect for the native rights of the village officers and proprietary land. She heard every complaint in person and although she continually referred cases to the courts of equity and arbitration ... she was always accessible, patient and unwearied in the investigation of most insignificant cases when appeals were made to her for decision."
She was very particular about being just and fair. Whenever she felt that a Saranjami Sardar (noble) or even Subehdar Tukoji was unfair in his action or dealings or request, she pulled up the person gently but firmly, declining the request, giving reasons for her own decision. Malhar Rao had left behind a large territory to the north and south of Narbada yielding an annual revenue of Rs.73 lacs. It is creditable for Ahilya Bai that during her reign of 30 years, none of the Saranjami Sardars who held 36 mahals yielding altogether an annual income of Rs.32,57,000/- (with service obligations with a proportionate quota) remained loyal and respectful towards her. Her approach towards them was always maternal and equitable. Even all powerful Tukoji Holkar addressed her in his letters as Pure as Ganges, Mother like ...
Ahilya Bai was gentle, fair minded and forthright in handling the affairs of the government. For instance when Tukoji submitted a bill of war–expenses to Devi, a bill which was not sanctioned by her, and even suggested to her that the Sardars should be asked to make–up for the bill, she wrote back that it would be unjust to ask the Sardars to pay as allotments to them were in proportion to the number of men engaged in service and not a jot more, and the Sardars were present serving in the field. "Hence it is not justified under the circumstances to ask them to pay," she wrote. Tukoji, who held the supreme command of the Holkar troops, in another letter says that nothing great has been achieved since his arrival in the Deccan and asks for money as the Peshwa desired him to undertake a big campaign. Ahilya Bai replied, "From where the money will come? You say that the receipts from the Swadesh territory (Sourthern) have already been paid to Poona treasury. ... You were on the spot and nothing has been achieved.
"This is not fair." Reminding Tukoji about her father–in–law's principle to rectify a wrong without waiting for aid or orders, whatever might be its nature, she pulls up Tukoji for his delayed planning. "The schemes of campaign are being planned (by you) when the clouds have already appeared in the sky! How can artillery and other war material reach you in the rains?" Her tone is never angry or abusive but calm and always supported by weightily reasons. It was the purity of her heart, honesty of purpose, desire to be just and fair at all costs towards all, her devout nature, pure life and her spiritual strength which made others listen to her with reverence and obey her.
She was very solicitous about the rights of her subjects of whichever rank they might be. She turns down the advice to raise 10% tax from the Mahals of the Sardars saying, "Thy can't pay beyond their means." When a Sardar interfered in the matters and rights of a Pargana officials and all the Patils, Mamlatdars, Fadnis, Mazumdar, Jamadar came to her with complaint of injustice, she writes to the noble in question, "Dear Tulsaji Waugh – after giving a free audience to all a memoranda for future working of the Parganah is being sent to you ... You should not, henceforth no wise, interfere with affairs of Mamlat of the Pargana ... Please consult the officials first." Her object was to work for the welfare of all, high or low and "under her wise head and strong hand", the state witnessed unparalled peace and prosperity.
Devi Ahilya Bai, always took into account the past services rendered by a person or his forefathers and felt inclined to take a lenient view of ones omission or commission if honest admission was forthcoming, such as the case of a Chitnis who had failed to carry out orders of Tukoji Rao Holkar to join him, as his wife had died. "We have served Chhatrapati Shahu and Subbedar Malhar Rao ... " Her subjects had implicit faith in her benevolence and she was the final court of appeal whom any one, a commoner or a noble, could approach with hope of getting help or justice. Seeking protection, an official wrote, "My late father had served Your Highness for 60 years. He has left us under your kind protection. We were born, bred and brought upon your Highness's sustenance ..." The wife of Patel seeks her help for bringing reconciliation between mother and son.' She was accessible to all her subjects. The letters show that the Sarkar was not mere Government but a "caring 'Ma–Bap', solicitous of the welfare of the subjects."
Ahilya Bai is well known for giving a large part of Central India peace and a good administration during a most turbulent and anarchical period but is best known for her 'charities' and numerous building works all over India so much so that if there is a temple or a ghat "unnamed and unregistered", people attribute it to Ahilya Bai. As a Maratha historian observes, "Devi's name had become synonymous with charitable institutions."
Devi Ahilya Bai was a devotee of Shiva, but, like any other Hindu, held other gods also in great reverence. About 8 of the 12 Jyotirlingas of Shiva, namely at Somnath, Mallikarjuna (Distt. Karnool), Shri Omkareshwar (M.P.), Shri Vaijnath (Nizam's deminion), Shri Nagnath (Nizam's state), Kashivishwanath, Sri Trimbakeshwar (Nasik district) and Shri Ghirishneshwar (Verul, Nizam's state) there is clear mention in the Holkar State Records of her 'charities' and construction works. Thus at Shri Somnath is Kathiavad, she "re–installed the idol" in a magnificient temple in 1789. Her building works and charities at Varanasi include installation of Kashi Vishwanath in a temple built by her near the place where Aurangzeb had destroyed the earlier one, 6 private temples, Ganga mandir (temple of the Ganges), 3 temples on the Ghat, Mankarnika Ghat, Dashasvamed Ghat, Female Mankarnika Ghat, a few Dharmashalas, establishment of Brahmapuri for learned Brahman scholars etc. She sent from Maheshwar an idol of Shri Ramchandras Panchayatan for installation at Banaras (and one at Chitrakuta also). We have another list of constructions and charities by Ahilya Bai at Saptapuris or seven sacred towns viz. Ayodhya, Mathura–Vrindavan, Maya (Haridwar), Kashi, Kanchi, Avantika and Dwarka revered by all the Hindus. Thus she built at Ayodhya temples dedicated to Shri Ram, Treta, Bahirava, and Nageshwar and the Saryu Ghat, besides dharmashalas where pilgrims could stay either free or by paying a nominal sum.
The four dhams or quarters of Aryavarta are Badrinarain in the Himalayas (where 13 constructions were undertaken at her deisre and expenses such a Rangad Chatti, Bedar Chatti, Tanga Nath, Deva Prayaga Garden, grass fields for cows, Gauri Kund, Shri Kedareshwar temple etc.), Shri Dwarka, Shri Rameshwar and Shri Jagannath (Shri Ramchandra Mandir, Alms House, etc.)
These seven cities (Sapta–puris) and four quarters of Aryavarta (Char–dham) became places of worship and pilgrimage during the Pauranis age. It has been said that they represent a progressive step of Vedic religion towards what may be styled as "Hindu religion". We note that Devi's charities and construction works were made "with a full hand and a free heart" to sacred spots all over India and not in a particular region. In fact as per Records, 43 other towns of India also received her attention and she built at some of these towns, temples and ghats, at some other place wells, kunds (tanks), sanctioned annual gifts to a number of temples, and for some she sanctioned annual expenses for illumination. Among these towns were Kurukshetra, Nemisharanya, Pushkar, Ellora, Chitrakut, Prayag, Pandharpur, Karmanashi river in former Bengal Presidency etc., places all over India. Also, she arranged Ganges water to be sent to thirty–four shrines every year. Among these were Somnath and Dwarka (Kathiawad), Ramehswar, Eklingaji (Udaipur), Balaji Giri (Giri), Pashupatinath (Nepal) Kashi Vishwanath (Banaras) etc. It has been observed that, "the distribution of the Ganges water united divided India"; she had in this matter no provincial or regional approach but national outlook. Her attempt was to resuscicate the Hinduism which had suffered so much during the past six centuries of ruinous Muslim rule This is a significant aspect of Ahilya Bai's 'charities' and religious works. She in a way represented the best effort of the Maratha movement towards, "reconstruction" of what had been severely damaged during the past six hundred years of alien rule and yet, with true Hindu spirit, she scrupulously continued the earlier gifts to "Mosques and Musalmans and saintly Faqirs."
Writes Thakur "The Kshitras (Holy spots) and Tirthas are the various stations on the road of the progressive Hindu religion and the Devi has, so to say, sustained and strengthened these stations with her chartieis for good." She herself used to go on pilgrimages such as to Omkareshwara, Mankeshwara etc.
During her reign annual revenue of the state, which was Rs.75 lakhs in Malhar Rao's time, rose to Rs.1 crore 5 lac. Her reign was marked by peace and plenty, absence of famine, social harmony and a contented populace and officials, both Saranjami Sardars as well as the heriditary servants. The Saranjami Sardars, who were bound to maintain the prescribed number of cavalry, formed the "Huzrut" or the standing army. Tukoji, the Subhedar, who represented the military aspect of Devi Ahilya Bai's administration, ever remained most respectful and loyal towards her. In a letter he expresses his sincere regret for going astray and requests that he and his entire family should live under Devi Ahilya Bai's orders. In another letter, he requests the Devi to bring his son to senses. When Ahilya Bai was deeply upset on her daughter Mukta Bai becoming a sati in 1791, Tukoji Holkar made an earnest appeal to her, "Until I come there, please do not think of going anywhere out; if you do, I again swear by the feet of the late revered Subehdar (Malhar Rao), and on my life." She organised a good postal system and all soldiers and subjects had faith that in case of their death in field or unprovoked violence, their family will be taken case of by the Devi.
Her solicitude for the peasants was well known as proved a by very moderate assessment. On New Years day (Chaitra Sudi Pratipada) the learned, officers, clerks and silehdars, were honoured by her for rendering good service. Ahilya Bai did not lay down fresh rules and regulations "Her's was a rule of commonsense backed up by religion; and whatever proceeded from her head and heart, satisfied her people and made them happy and contented."
She was conscious of the threat from the English who were trying their best to spread their control in all quarters. In a letter she says, "It behoves the Peshwa to enlist good number of Silehdars and increase the standing army and Nawab, Bhonsle and the rest should make a common cause and crush the English." But then direction of military operations was in the hands of the Peshwa and Tukoji Holkar had to carry out Pune's directions. If the latter lacked good sense, planning or misplaced assertion, as in Rajputana, the blame goes to the Peshwa and not to Ahilya Bai.
Ahilya Bai's rule is known for peace and tranquility and for "trophies of peace and not war" in that turbulent period where everywhere there were wars, political instability, sieges and conflicts. The only strife and struggle during 30 years long reign of Ahilya Bai was the Rampura affair but which brought to light both her diplomacy and statesmanship. As V.V. Thakur writes, "Peace was her policy in the main, when opposed she first tried re-conciliation. When that failed, recourse to arms was the next but necessary step. Stronger measures foreign to her nature when necessiated, and she faltered not. But at last all was forgotten and forgiven. An opportunity for repentance and reform was offered and the whole affair ended in "Justice mingled with mercy." There and many instances which support this assessment of the great lady who was venerated as a most pious and saintly, a mother like figure during her very life time.
In that period of instability and turbulence Ahilya Bai had "one of the most stable reign of the 18th Century so much so that her territories in Malwa were never attacked or disrupted by local battles during her reign inspite of wars all around." All through her reign, her relations with the foreign princes remained most amicable and cordial. The comfort, happiness and peace enjoyed by her subjects, in whose prosperity she felt a peculiar solace and sense of fulfillment, during her 30 years of rule were unprecedented in the annals of Malwa. The accounts of the State were kept with scrupulous exactness under her care and no decision was taken by any of her ministers, and even by Tukoji Holkar, without her knowledge and advice, such as employment of a French Officer named Chevalier Dudrenec who trained four battalions of her army, or policy to act in concert with Mahadji Sindhia in resisting the march of the English troops in Gujarat in 1780. The envoys residing at the courts of the Indian potentates were all appointed by her.
During her long rule in Malwa, Ahilyabai received "that allegiance and respect from feudatories and sovereigns, which might well excite the envy of any prince or princess in any part of the country". Though an extremely pious lady, who devoted much of her time in offering prayers and in meditation, she was always ready to attend to any task which required her tact and skill. "She always evinced a maternal regard for the welfare of her subjects and under her they were so happy and contented that no Indian Sovereign in any age could boast of a more contented raiyat". In fact she rejoiced when she saw her people – nobles, bankers, merchants, farmers–rise to affluence, without herself ever experiencing the slightest tinge of cupidity.
Among her many accomplishments was the development of Indore from a small village to prosperous city, though her own capital was nearby Maheshwar on the banks of the Narmada river from where she not only conducted the administration but also provided ample patronage to arts and letters.
From 1766 till her death in 1795, Ahilya Bai ruled Malwa with such ability that her thirty year long rule is regarded as a "model of benevolent and effective government." Under her maternal care the state prospered and the people grew happy. With her subjects her name is sainted and she is styled as avatar (incarnation of divinity). Indeed she was a Raj Yogin in the truest sense of the term, as Burway says.
From 1748 onwards, Sarkar Malharji's position in Malwa became firm and secure. He became 'Kingmaker' in Northern and Central India and rich tribute exacted from the princes of Rajputana and others, and various grants received from the Peshwa as Mokasa, Sardeshmukhi, Kamavishee and Patilki in recognition of his services to the Maratha empire made him rich and master of an extensive territory lying on both the sides of Narmada as well as Sahyadri. He had also received some grants of forts and places like Chandwad from the Emperor for helping him against own subordinates. Amidst all this success and plentiful enterprises, death of his only son, who was struck by a cannon ball during the siege of Kumbher (near Deeg in Rajasthan), on 24 March 1754, was like a bolt from the blue "to the great grief of his aged father and lamentations of his youngwife." Ahilya Bai gave up the idea of becoming Sati on the entreaties of Malhar Rao and, to quote her biographer "gave to the world what otherwise would have remained a Sealed Book – a splendid example of Aryan Rule under an Aryan Lady."
We get a fair idea of how Malhar Rao Holkar, after the death of his only son during the siege of Kumher in 1754, trained Ahilya Bai in matters of State and governance. He kept Ahilya Bai informed about the political developments, such as his dealings with Najib–ud–daula and how Awadh was seeking his help, and about his own movements. After Panipat (1761) he was the only Maratha Sardar whose presence carried weight in the North. In another letter Malhar Rao asks her to have light guns and gun–balls manufactured. Father–in–law's training was paternal but strict "... see that you reach Gwalior without halting for a moment at Mathura, though you wish to stop there." In a letter of 16 March 1765, Malhar Rao wrote, "A messenger told us that you captured Gohadkars' fort with a cannon : You should now stay at Gwalior and manufacture gun – balls the ruler of Gohad must, this year be crushed." In two letter relating to officials who had 'defaulted in' their duty, Malhar Rao asks her to make them return what they had taken (misappropriated) or attach the parganah.
Malhar's grand–son was young and the veteran of hundred battles knew that his daughter–in–law should be trained in all matters relating to wars as well as governance as best as possible. He advises her to fully weigh the strength and number of the enemy. "Do not rush head–long. Allow personality and prestige their own effect to work ... never let the artillery be away from your sight. "Least power and greatest weight" should be your maxim and rule".
Ahilya Bai used this maxim and rule in a totally different field which not even Malhar could have ever thought of i.e. in building ghats, temples, rest houses and whenever required, she would write letters, such a to a Raja of Orissa, the Nawab of Kurnool, the Nizam of Hyderabad, the Nawab of Awadh, to the Rajput rulers politely conveying her desire to build a temple or a bathing ghat or to lay a garden near a temple at her own cost but quite often mere mention of her name sufficed and her officials and architects carried out, as directed by her, the construction works, keeping her in touch with the progress. So many works were undertaken at her initiative that wherever one goes in India, specially to a holy place venerated by the Hindus, one find works of piety and charity attributed to Ahilya Bai.
After Malhar Rao's death in May 1766, Ahilya Bai's son Maloji received investiture from the Peshwa as Subedar "with full powers and undiminished territory on the condition of rendering faithful service to the Peshwa just as Malharji had done."
Devi Ahilya Bai's concern for Maloji, the only surviving scion of Malhar Rao's family was natural; she wanted him to be a worthy successor of his grand–father who had painstakingly built a large kingdom. In a letter she expresses her unhappiness for his silence over 2–3 letters sent to him. "Be writing to us and that too in detail. You must console yourself as directed in these letters ... Direct your thoughts to the future management of the state as well as maintenance of your own status ... Entertain broad views and management plans that elevate you even to a higher plane of fame than ever attained in the family ... (4th June 1766).
However, Maloji died in April 1767 after a brief reign of 8 months. Tukoji Holkar, who was not related to Malhar Rao's family in anyway, was invested, with Ahilya Bai's approval, with the power of Subedar on payment of Rs.16 lacs 62 thousand on the condition that he would serve the Peshwa in all his military campaigns. "Facts and courses of events, however, made Ahilya Bai the "De Facto Ruler" who received absolute obedience and respect from Tukoji to the commonest person.
Her high position and respect emanated from her exceptional qualities as a just and efficient ruler who ruled as if she was a Trustee of the State. She never observed purdah and held daily public audience and was accessible to the commonest of her subjects. Sir John Malcolm writes about her, forty years after her death, "Her first principle of Government appears to have been moderate assessment and an almost sacred respect for the native rights of the village officers and proprietary land. She heard every complaint in person and although she continually referred cases to the courts of equity and arbitration ... she was always accessible, patient and unwearied in the investigation of most insignificant cases when appeals were made to her for decision."
She was very particular about being just and fair. Whenever she felt that a Saranjami Sardar (noble) or even Subehdar Tukoji was unfair in his action or dealings or request, she pulled up the person gently but firmly, declining the request, giving reasons for her own decision. Malhar Rao had left behind a large territory to the north and south of Narbada yielding an annual revenue of Rs.73 lacs. It is creditable for Ahilya Bai that during her reign of 30 years, none of the Saranjami Sardars who held 36 mahals yielding altogether an annual income of Rs.32,57,000/- (with service obligations with a proportionate quota) remained loyal and respectful towards her. Her approach towards them was always maternal and equitable. Even all powerful Tukoji Holkar addressed her in his letters as Pure as Ganges, Mother like ...
Ahilya Bai was gentle, fair minded and forthright in handling the affairs of the government. For instance when Tukoji submitted a bill of war–expenses to Devi, a bill which was not sanctioned by her, and even suggested to her that the Sardars should be asked to make–up for the bill, she wrote back that it would be unjust to ask the Sardars to pay as allotments to them were in proportion to the number of men engaged in service and not a jot more, and the Sardars were present serving in the field. "Hence it is not justified under the circumstances to ask them to pay," she wrote. Tukoji, who held the supreme command of the Holkar troops, in another letter says that nothing great has been achieved since his arrival in the Deccan and asks for money as the Peshwa desired him to undertake a big campaign. Ahilya Bai replied, "From where the money will come? You say that the receipts from the Swadesh territory (Sourthern) have already been paid to Poona treasury. ... You were on the spot and nothing has been achieved.
"This is not fair." Reminding Tukoji about her father–in–law's principle to rectify a wrong without waiting for aid or orders, whatever might be its nature, she pulls up Tukoji for his delayed planning. "The schemes of campaign are being planned (by you) when the clouds have already appeared in the sky! How can artillery and other war material reach you in the rains?" Her tone is never angry or abusive but calm and always supported by weightily reasons. It was the purity of her heart, honesty of purpose, desire to be just and fair at all costs towards all, her devout nature, pure life and her spiritual strength which made others listen to her with reverence and obey her.
She was very solicitous about the rights of her subjects of whichever rank they might be. She turns down the advice to raise 10% tax from the Mahals of the Sardars saying, "Thy can't pay beyond their means." When a Sardar interfered in the matters and rights of a Pargana officials and all the Patils, Mamlatdars, Fadnis, Mazumdar, Jamadar came to her with complaint of injustice, she writes to the noble in question, "Dear Tulsaji Waugh – after giving a free audience to all a memoranda for future working of the Parganah is being sent to you ... You should not, henceforth no wise, interfere with affairs of Mamlat of the Pargana ... Please consult the officials first." Her object was to work for the welfare of all, high or low and "under her wise head and strong hand", the state witnessed unparalled peace and prosperity.
Devi Ahilya Bai, always took into account the past services rendered by a person or his forefathers and felt inclined to take a lenient view of ones omission or commission if honest admission was forthcoming, such as the case of a Chitnis who had failed to carry out orders of Tukoji Rao Holkar to join him, as his wife had died. "We have served Chhatrapati Shahu and Subbedar Malhar Rao ... " Her subjects had implicit faith in her benevolence and she was the final court of appeal whom any one, a commoner or a noble, could approach with hope of getting help or justice. Seeking protection, an official wrote, "My late father had served Your Highness for 60 years. He has left us under your kind protection. We were born, bred and brought upon your Highness's sustenance ..." The wife of Patel seeks her help for bringing reconciliation between mother and son.' She was accessible to all her subjects. The letters show that the Sarkar was not mere Government but a "caring 'Ma–Bap', solicitous of the welfare of the subjects."
Ahilya Bai is well known for giving a large part of Central India peace and a good administration during a most turbulent and anarchical period but is best known for her 'charities' and numerous building works all over India so much so that if there is a temple or a ghat "unnamed and unregistered", people attribute it to Ahilya Bai. As a Maratha historian observes, "Devi's name had become synonymous with charitable institutions."
Devi Ahilya Bai was a devotee of Shiva, but, like any other Hindu, held other gods also in great reverence. About 8 of the 12 Jyotirlingas of Shiva, namely at Somnath, Mallikarjuna (Distt. Karnool), Shri Omkareshwar (M.P.), Shri Vaijnath (Nizam's deminion), Shri Nagnath (Nizam's state), Kashivishwanath, Sri Trimbakeshwar (Nasik district) and Shri Ghirishneshwar (Verul, Nizam's state) there is clear mention in the Holkar State Records of her 'charities' and construction works. Thus at Shri Somnath is Kathiavad, she "re–installed the idol" in a magnificient temple in 1789. Her building works and charities at Varanasi include installation of Kashi Vishwanath in a temple built by her near the place where Aurangzeb had destroyed the earlier one, 6 private temples, Ganga mandir (temple of the Ganges), 3 temples on the Ghat, Mankarnika Ghat, Dashasvamed Ghat, Female Mankarnika Ghat, a few Dharmashalas, establishment of Brahmapuri for learned Brahman scholars etc. She sent from Maheshwar an idol of Shri Ramchandras Panchayatan for installation at Banaras (and one at Chitrakuta also). We have another list of constructions and charities by Ahilya Bai at Saptapuris or seven sacred towns viz. Ayodhya, Mathura–Vrindavan, Maya (Haridwar), Kashi, Kanchi, Avantika and Dwarka revered by all the Hindus. Thus she built at Ayodhya temples dedicated to Shri Ram, Treta, Bahirava, and Nageshwar and the Saryu Ghat, besides dharmashalas where pilgrims could stay either free or by paying a nominal sum.
The four dhams or quarters of Aryavarta are Badrinarain in the Himalayas (where 13 constructions were undertaken at her deisre and expenses such a Rangad Chatti, Bedar Chatti, Tanga Nath, Deva Prayaga Garden, grass fields for cows, Gauri Kund, Shri Kedareshwar temple etc.), Shri Dwarka, Shri Rameshwar and Shri Jagannath (Shri Ramchandra Mandir, Alms House, etc.)
These seven cities (Sapta–puris) and four quarters of Aryavarta (Char–dham) became places of worship and pilgrimage during the Pauranis age. It has been said that they represent a progressive step of Vedic religion towards what may be styled as "Hindu religion". We note that Devi's charities and construction works were made "with a full hand and a free heart" to sacred spots all over India and not in a particular region. In fact as per Records, 43 other towns of India also received her attention and she built at some of these towns, temples and ghats, at some other place wells, kunds (tanks), sanctioned annual gifts to a number of temples, and for some she sanctioned annual expenses for illumination. Among these towns were Kurukshetra, Nemisharanya, Pushkar, Ellora, Chitrakut, Prayag, Pandharpur, Karmanashi river in former Bengal Presidency etc., places all over India. Also, she arranged Ganges water to be sent to thirty–four shrines every year. Among these were Somnath and Dwarka (Kathiawad), Ramehswar, Eklingaji (Udaipur), Balaji Giri (Giri), Pashupatinath (Nepal) Kashi Vishwanath (Banaras) etc. It has been observed that, "the distribution of the Ganges water united divided India"; she had in this matter no provincial or regional approach but national outlook. Her attempt was to resuscicate the Hinduism which had suffered so much during the past six centuries of ruinous Muslim rule This is a significant aspect of Ahilya Bai's 'charities' and religious works. She in a way represented the best effort of the Maratha movement towards, "reconstruction" of what had been severely damaged during the past six hundred years of alien rule and yet, with true Hindu spirit, she scrupulously continued the earlier gifts to "Mosques and Musalmans and saintly Faqirs."
Writes Thakur "The Kshitras (Holy spots) and Tirthas are the various stations on the road of the progressive Hindu religion and the Devi has, so to say, sustained and strengthened these stations with her chartieis for good." She herself used to go on pilgrimages such as to Omkareshwara, Mankeshwara etc.
During her reign annual revenue of the state, which was Rs.75 lakhs in Malhar Rao's time, rose to Rs.1 crore 5 lac. Her reign was marked by peace and plenty, absence of famine, social harmony and a contented populace and officials, both Saranjami Sardars as well as the heriditary servants. The Saranjami Sardars, who were bound to maintain the prescribed number of cavalry, formed the "Huzrut" or the standing army. Tukoji, the Subhedar, who represented the military aspect of Devi Ahilya Bai's administration, ever remained most respectful and loyal towards her. In a letter he expresses his sincere regret for going astray and requests that he and his entire family should live under Devi Ahilya Bai's orders. In another letter, he requests the Devi to bring his son to senses. When Ahilya Bai was deeply upset on her daughter Mukta Bai becoming a sati in 1791, Tukoji Holkar made an earnest appeal to her, "Until I come there, please do not think of going anywhere out; if you do, I again swear by the feet of the late revered Subehdar (Malhar Rao), and on my life." She organised a good postal system and all soldiers and subjects had faith that in case of their death in field or unprovoked violence, their family will be taken case of by the Devi.
Her solicitude for the peasants was well known as proved a by very moderate assessment. On New Years day (Chaitra Sudi Pratipada) the learned, officers, clerks and silehdars, were honoured by her for rendering good service. Ahilya Bai did not lay down fresh rules and regulations "Her's was a rule of commonsense backed up by religion; and whatever proceeded from her head and heart, satisfied her people and made them happy and contented."
She was conscious of the threat from the English who were trying their best to spread their control in all quarters. In a letter she says, "It behoves the Peshwa to enlist good number of Silehdars and increase the standing army and Nawab, Bhonsle and the rest should make a common cause and crush the English." But then direction of military operations was in the hands of the Peshwa and Tukoji Holkar had to carry out Pune's directions. If the latter lacked good sense, planning or misplaced assertion, as in Rajputana, the blame goes to the Peshwa and not to Ahilya Bai.
Ahilya Bai's rule is known for peace and tranquility and for "trophies of peace and not war" in that turbulent period where everywhere there were wars, political instability, sieges and conflicts. The only strife and struggle during 30 years long reign of Ahilya Bai was the Rampura affair but which brought to light both her diplomacy and statesmanship. As V.V. Thakur writes, "Peace was her policy in the main, when opposed she first tried re-conciliation. When that failed, recourse to arms was the next but necessary step. Stronger measures foreign to her nature when necessiated, and she faltered not. But at last all was forgotten and forgiven. An opportunity for repentance and reform was offered and the whole affair ended in "Justice mingled with mercy." There and many instances which support this assessment of the great lady who was venerated as a most pious and saintly, a mother like figure during her very life time.
In that period of instability and turbulence Ahilya Bai had "one of the most stable reign of the 18th Century so much so that her territories in Malwa were never attacked or disrupted by local battles during her reign inspite of wars all around." All through her reign, her relations with the foreign princes remained most amicable and cordial. The comfort, happiness and peace enjoyed by her subjects, in whose prosperity she felt a peculiar solace and sense of fulfillment, during her 30 years of rule were unprecedented in the annals of Malwa. The accounts of the State were kept with scrupulous exactness under her care and no decision was taken by any of her ministers, and even by Tukoji Holkar, without her knowledge and advice, such as employment of a French Officer named Chevalier Dudrenec who trained four battalions of her army, or policy to act in concert with Mahadji Sindhia in resisting the march of the English troops in Gujarat in 1780. The envoys residing at the courts of the Indian potentates were all appointed by her.
During her long rule in Malwa, Ahilyabai received "that allegiance and respect from feudatories and sovereigns, which might well excite the envy of any prince or princess in any part of the country". Though an extremely pious lady, who devoted much of her time in offering prayers and in meditation, she was always ready to attend to any task which required her tact and skill. "She always evinced a maternal regard for the welfare of her subjects and under her they were so happy and contented that no Indian Sovereign in any age could boast of a more contented raiyat". In fact she rejoiced when she saw her people – nobles, bankers, merchants, farmers–rise to affluence, without herself ever experiencing the slightest tinge of cupidity.
Among her many accomplishments was the development of Indore from a small village to prosperous city, though her own capital was nearby Maheshwar on the banks of the Narmada river from where she not only conducted the administration but also provided ample patronage to arts and letters.
From 1766 till her death in 1795, Ahilya Bai ruled Malwa with such ability that her thirty year long rule is regarded as a "model of benevolent and effective government." Under her maternal care the state prospered and the people grew happy. With her subjects her name is sainted and she is styled as avatar (incarnation of divinity). Indeed she was a Raj Yogin in the truest sense of the term, as Burway says.
TheDhangar(Sanskrit /Devanāgarī: धनगर )caste is primarily located in the Indianstate of Maharashtra. The literal translation of the name Dhangar is "Who is wealthy". The word Dhangar is derived from the Sanskrit word 'Dhenu' i.e. Cow. These are quiet and innocent group of people who wander with flocks and herds. They are called by different synonyms like Dhangar, Dhangad and Dhanpal. The main Dhangar subcastes are Ahir, Hatkar, Khutekar, Sengar/Sangar, Shegar(Sagar), Bande, Konkani, Zende, Dange, Zade, Hulwan, Dhanwar, Kuruba(meaning trustworthy), Kurmar, Kurbar, Kurumbar, Lad Mendhe, Gadari, Gaddi, Gadariya, Pal, Baghel,Neekhar /Nikher, Idaiyan / Idaiyar /Idaiga / Konar, Bharwad, Bakarwal, Dewasi, Gurjar,Oraon, Gawali, Golla, Yadu (Yadav), Banjara, Metkari, Gadge, Kambar, Kshitri, Khillari, Bhillari, Kuktekar, Mhaskar, Shirotya, Utekar, Telwar, Warhade, Mahure, Telangi, Tellari, Bargi/Barahatti. The Dhangars ignore the subcastes and project themselves only as Dhangars.
The Dhangar community is one of the oldest existing communities of India, tracing its history back to Mahabharata times. They have originated several ruling dynasties, most recently theHolkars of Indore.
Prominent Dhangars have been Hakkaraya and Bukkaraya, founders of Vijayanagara Empire. Dhangars have founded the Hoysalas, Rashtrakutas, Maurya, Pallav, Holkar dynasties. In addition the poets Kalidasa and Kanakadasa were also Dhangars.
The famous Vithoba temple at Pandharpur was built by Vishnuvardhana who was a Dhangar from the Hoysala Dynasty.
Traditionally being warriors, shepherds and farmers, Dhangars were late to take up modern day education. Though it has a notable population not only in Maharashtra but also in India, had a rich history, today it is still politically highly unorganized community and is socially, educationally, economically and politically backward.
Contents
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1 Dhangari Gaja
2 Jejuri
3 Other names
4 Clans in India
4.1 Ainwar
4.2 Aaldar
4.3 Aawale
4.4 Badgujar
4.5 Baniya
4.6 Bhains
4.7 Bute
4.8 Chauhan
4.9 Chauhan
4.10 Chauhan
4.11 Chandel
4.12 Chandrawat
4.13 Chawda/Chawla
4.14 Chudawat
4.15 Dhabi
4.16 Dagade
4.17 Dahiya
4.18 Deokate
4.19 Deora
4.20 Dhakar
4.21 Dhekaha
4.22 Dikshit
4.23 Gahalot
4.24 Gahlot
4.25 Gaharwar
4.26 Gaud
4.27 Gautama
4.28 Gohil
4.29 Hake
4.30 Halnawar
4.31 Harine
4.32 Jankar
4.33 Kachawahe
4.34 Kachwa
4.35 Kadamb
4.36 Kale
4.37 Karith
4.38 Katariya
4.39 Kaushal
4.40 Kesari
4.41 Kharat
4.42 Khatal
4.43 Kokare
4.44 Kolekar
4.45 Kulal
4.46 Lavate
4.47 Lengre
4.48 Lokare
4.49 Makwana
4.50 Markad
4.51 Masal
4.52 Maurya
4.53 Nagvansha
4.54 Nikhumbiya
4.55 Parihar
4.56 Parihar
4.57 Parmar
4.58 Parmar
4.59 Pundir
4.60 Raikwar
4.61 Rathod
4.62 Rathod
4.63 Rathod
4.64 Sarak
4.65 Sargar
4.66 Sengar
4.67 Shinde
4.68 Shingade
4.69 Sikarwar
4.70 Shindhav
4.71 Sisodiya
4.72 Solankar
4.73 Solankhi
4.74 Solankhi
4.75 Swar
4.76 Takale
4.77 Tawar
4.78 Thengal
4.79 Thombre
4.80 Thorat/Waykule
4.81 Tomar
4.82 Vadhel
4.83 Vala/Wala
4.84 Waghela / Baghela
4.85 Wakse
4.86 Yadav
4.87 Yadav
4.88 Yadav
4.89 Yedage
4.90 Zhala
4.91 Some South Indian Clans
4.92 Oraon Clans
5 Notable Dhangars
6 See also
7 External links
8 References
Dhangari Gaja
This is a dance form performed by Dhangars of Solapur district of Maharashtra. Their poetry is mainly inspired by the evergreen trees all around. The poetry is in a form called 'Ovi' which is made up of couplets. These poems also contain tales of the birth of their God "Biruba" orBirappa, in simple and basic lines. The group of dancers surrounds the drum players and move at the rhythm
Jejuri
Jejuri is one of the famous temples in Maharashtra. The God of Jejuri - Khandoba (Lord Shiva), who is husband of Banai (from the Dhangar caste) - is popular amongst the Dhangars.
Other names
Dhangars are identified by different names in different regions of the country.
Andar
Ahiyaru
Ahir,Ahir
(Tirthap, Thakre, Manore, Sonwane, Baviskar, Pawar,Borse, Sangore, Nhyade, Adhave, Landge, Nile, Khankhare only in North Maharashtra. DHULE - JALGAON DIST.)
Appugol
Maldhari / Bharwad / Rabari/ Jagri / Khavas (Gujrath)
Baghel
Bakarwal (Jammu & Kashmir)
Bhadiyar / Gangajali
Bharavadaru
Burungale
Dhangad / Dhanwar / Dhanpal / Dhangod
Doddi Gowda
Gari / Bharud / Ghosi (MP)
Gadhariya / Gadaria / Gadariya (UP, MP, Bihar)
Gowda
Gaddi
Gadri
Gairi / Gari / Ghosi / Gurjar / Dewasi (Rajasthan)
Gollavadu
Golla
Gounder
[ [Gore] ]
Gowda
Gwala
Halumatha
Heggades
Idaiga / Idyar / Idiyan / Idaiyar / Konar (Tamilnadu)
Kanne
Khuruk
Kamaria
Kuda
Kuruba (Karnataka, AP)
Kuruba Gowda
Kurumba / Kurumbar / Kurumans / Kurubaru (Tamilnadu)
Kurmar
Kalavar
Kuruma
Kurumavaaru
Kurkhi
Kurupu
Kantak
Naikers
Neekhar (North India)
Nikhers
Oraon (East India)
Pal / Pala (North India)
Palaru
Paalakyatriya
Poduvar
Raika
Yadavalu
Clans in India
Dhangars are Kshatriyas. Kshatriyas have three major castes (or ethnic groups) - the Dhangars, the Rajputs and the Marathas. The Rajputs are Indo-Scythians and mainly had their kingdoms in North India. The Rajputs did not originate as a tribe or a single community. They emerge from history as a collection of clans ruling different regions. The term Rajput as it is used today refers to the set of intermarrying royal clans. The Marathas are Indo-Aryans and had an empire which spread all over central and North India and the Dhangars are Proto-Asians and had their Kingdoms in South India and Central India. Rajputs have 36 Clans, Marathas have 96 Clans and Dhangars have 108 clans out of which 90 are known so far in India. Originally these castes were one and had mutual interactions of dining together and intermarrying amongst them.
The widespread Palaeolithic mtDNA haplogroups and analysis of Y-DNA Haplogroup in Dhangar clans highlight their Proto-Asian genetic ancestries. Dhangar heterogeneity is ascribable to predominantly South-Asian males and West-Eurasian females. Dhangar have significant Pleistocene gene pool corroborating their “Proto-Asian” origin.
Dhangars are believed to be Indo-Aryans as the Aryans were shepherds.
Enthoven in his observations has listed 22 Endogamous groups (Sub-Castes) and 108Exogamous groups (Clans) of Dhangars (Enthoven 1920:311). It should be recorded that the list of the 22 Endogamous groups and 108 Exogamous groups of Dhangars, as provided by Enthoven, is not exhaustive.
The following list of clans is limited to few surnames of all sub-castes from India.
Ainwar
Lineage (Vansh): Suryavanshi
Gotra: Gahlot
Guru: Kashyapa
Surnames:-
Aainwar, Budhnawar, Daknawar, Koyanwar, Makanwar, Bhadnawar.
Aaldar
Lineage (Vansh): Suryavanshi
Gotra: Gahlot
Guru: Kashyapa
Surnames:-
Waldawar, Karnawar, Kamade, Dange.
Aawale
Lineage (Vansh): Suryavanshi
Gotra: Gahlot
Guru: Kashyapa
Surnames:-
Pukale, Yamgar, Yamanwar.
Badgujar
Lineage(Vansh): Suryavanshi
Gotra: Badgujar
Guru: Vasishta
Surnames:-
Badgujar, Raghav, Sonchiraiya
Baniya
Lineage(Vansh): Suryavanshi
Gotra: Bhains
Guru: Bharadwaj
Surnames:-
Baniya, Nihaliya, Kadiwal, Kathuliya, Pathariya, Dandimar, Sude
Bhains
Lineage(Vansh): Suryavanshi
Gotra: Bhains
Guru: Bharadwaj
Surnames:-
Bhains (Baniya), Baruliya (Badheliya), Basade (Bhainsale), Kati (Kataha), Katheriya, Kathabhains, Trilokchandi
Bute
Lineage (Vansh): Agnivanshi
Gotra: Pratihara
Guru: Vasishta
Surnames:-
Tate, Kachare, More/Maurya, Kuwalkude, Bavdan, Doiphode, Wagh, Pise, Bire, Dalvi, Keskar.
Chauhan
Lineage(Vansh): Agnivanshi
Gotra: Chauhan
Guru: Vatsa
Surnames:-
Chauhan, Dhaneriya (Dhanariya), Kulaha (Kulhaiya), Bhadiriya, Pawaya (Parwiya), Gujela (Gajayala), Sapaha (Sapha, Sarpatha), Bhakal (Bhakar, Bhikhar), Vasundariya (Basundariya, Vagasariya), Mukarana, Zhumariya, Songira, Dhundhariya (Dudhediya), Tijwara (Tijwal, Tijwadiya), Balecha (Bhilecha, Bhilaicha, Bilaicha), Harine (Hiranwal, Hiranwar, Hinwar), Mohil (Mahali, Mahil), Boda (Voda, Vora, Bora),
Chauhan
Lineage(Vansh): Agnivanshi
Gotra: Chauhan
Guru: Vatsa
Surnames:-
Rao, Kote, Khorane (Khakare), Bande, Cikale, Pawad (Padiya), Hamvir, Tenchiriye (Tetiye), Jamble, Kamare, Khose (Khasa), Khadagde (Khagadiya), Ghatod (Ghatotiya), Abhiriye, Jatare (Jatayane), Waghode, Wagare, Badad, Bhakare, Matkar, Hande, Shejal (Shejpal), Maskar, Lad, Sakare (Sakareka), Sudake, Hiropiraji, Aswale, Bidkar, Chitrak (Citak), Barange, Pansre
Chauhan
Lineage(Vansh): Suryavanshi
Gotra: Chauhan
Guru:
Surnames:-
Karir, Rachwana, Ajara, Boruka, Rabhad, Somanka, Maru, Sonla
Chandel
Lineage(Vansh): Chandravanshi
Gotra: Chandrel
Guru: Parashar
Surnames:-
Chandel, Kauwa, Guhiya, Chandiya, Rai, Bhesedewale, Manikiwake, Chandaliya, Pakhariya
Chandrawat
Lineage(Vansh): Agnivanshi
Gotra: Padiyar
Guru: Kashyapa
Surnames:-
Kiloliya
Chawda/Chawla
Lineage(Vansh): Suryavanshi
Gotra:
Guru:
Surnames:-
Jogaha (Jogara, Jokhawa, Jodika), Lambariya, Rananga, Jaidevka, Aaduka, Ghumaha (Dhemun), Punchala (Panchatar), Jograna, Donda
Chudawat
Lineage(Vansh): Suryavanshi
Gotra: Shisodiya
Guru: Kashyapa
Surnames:-
Chudawat
Dhabi
Lineage(Vansh): Chandravanshi
Gotra: Dabhi
Guru:
Surnames:-
Dabhi
Dagade
Lineage (Vansh): Suryavanshi
Gotra: Gahlot
Guru: Kashyapa
Surnames:-
Pole, Pole, Sansalate, Suslade/Sisodiya.
Dahiya
Lineage(Vansh):
Gotra: Dadhich
Guru: Vyas
Surnames:-
Dahiya
Deokate
Lineage (Vansh): Agnivanshi
Gotra: Chauhan
Guru: Vatsa
Surnames:-
Arjun, Gorad, Vhanmane, Walekar, Rupnawar, Barkade, Metkari, Dhere, Tambe, Tale, Dongre, Bagade, Bhamte, Utare, Kole, Zhade, Khilari, Dabe, Agune, Dorwe, Hanumane, Sudlak, Nigade,Gavade
Deora
Lineage(Vansh): Agnivanshi
Gotra: Chauhan
Guru: Vatsa
Surnames:-
Nirwan, Nirwal, Narwal, Deoda, Dawad
Dhakar
Lineage(Vansh): Suryavanshi
Gotra: Dhakar
Guru: Bharadwaj
Surnames:-
Dhakar
Dhekaha
Lineage(Vansh): Agnivanshi
Gotra: Ponwar
Guru: Kashyapa
Surnames:-
Dhakeriya
Dikshit
Lineage(Vansh): Suryavanshi
Gotra: Dikshit
Guru: Kashyapa
Surnames:-
Dikshit, Pachouri (Panchoutariya), Brahamaniya (Bamaniya), Bhidiyar (Bhadiyar), Surya (Suriya), Siriya, Bhindawar
Gahalot
Lineage(Vansh): Suryavanshi
Gotra: Gahlot
Guru: Kashyapa
Surnames:-
Sawal, Grover, Talware (Talwade), Malap, Aaibhai, Mahadig, Tagad (Tahar), Nakase, Sigwan, Joshi, Apradh, Pardhe, Rao, Malusare, Thorat, Bhoite, Siside, Dorik (Dorge), Dalvi (Dalawat), Jore (Jirake, Jirage), Ahodage (Ahare), Guhela, Hulkar ,bar
Gahlot
Lineage(Vansh): Suryavanshi
Gotra: Gahlot
Guru: Kasyapa
Surnames:-
Gahlot, (Gohil, Guhela, Gohilwal), Nandoliya (Nandoriya, Nadouda), Shishodiya ( Sisodiya), Mongaliya, Bachaliya (Bachriya), Hul, Udayadpuri (Udaypuri), Gorkha, Godha, Kalum, Kakotak (Kekotak), Kuchela (Kachela), Kelawa
Gaharwar
Lineage(Vansh): Chandravanshi
Gotra: Grahawar
Guru: Kashyapa
Surnames:-
Gaharwal, Bundela, Bobadiya
Gaud
Lineage(Vansh): Suryavanshi
Gotra: Gaud
Guru: Bharadwaj
Surnames:-
Gaud, Makakana
Gautama
Lineage(Vansh): Suryavanshi
Gotra: Gautama
Guru: Gautama
Surnames:-
Gautama
Gohil
Lineage(Vansh): Suryavanshi
Gotra:
Guru:
Surnames:-
Gohil, Padsariya (Pratihariya), Kharagiya (Khargaiya), Varu (Virat, Verun), Cataka (Canduka), Kachela (Kachohiya), Zhunzha, Bau, Babariya,
Hake
Lineage (Vansh): Chandravanshi
Gotra: Yadav
Guru: Kaudinya
Surnames:-
Madne, Khareje, Gophane, Dahibhate, Ghutukade, Hande, Dolwade, Lubale, Ebade, Zhalgar, Metkari, Pise, Bijgude, Hise, Lande, Bane, Bargale, Warge.Kabugade
Halnawar
Lineage (Vansh): Suryavanshi
Gotra: Gahlot
Guru: Kashyapa
Surnames:-
Bivkar, Dilgude, Hulgunde, Dudhe, Sarwade, Yele, Shiddhaguru, Kodalkar.
Harine
Lineage(Vansh): Agnivanshi
Gotra: Chauhan
Guru: Vatsa
Surnames:-
Harine (Hiranwal, Hiranwar, Bade, Hinwar, Kharsela, Chalangiya, Shorampuriya, Kalpacha
Jankar
Lineage (Vansh): Suryavanshi
Gotra: Gahlot
Guru: Kashyapa
Surnames:-
Karande, Raut, Mote, Male, Ghule, Bidghar, Waghe / Waghela / Baghel, Karmare, Kare, Padalkar.
Kachawahe
Lineage(Vansh): Suryavanshi
Gotra: Kachwahe
Guru: Gautama
Surnames:-
Kachawa (Kachawahe, Kachawaha), Gohar (Gohad), Vikaliya (Bakaliya), Jamawal, Bartela (Bhatiyala), Kalandar,Kasib (Kasim), Lad, Kukiya (Kukaha)
Kachwa
Lineage(Vansh): Suryavanshi
Gotra: Kachawai
Guru: Manavya
Surnames:-
Surve, Aaglave, Kewade, Hake, Gade, Gaike, Naik, Devre, Shitole, Gawase, Kalmukh, Sidgode (Shingade), Gaikwad, Sukhe (Sherwe), Gurve, Kakade, Khebhale, Dinge, Takade, Vankhede, Ghodke, Dangre, Gorud (Garodige), Ghad
Kadamb
Lineage(Vansh): Suryavanshi
Gotra: Kadamb
Guru: Manavya
Surnames:-
Kadamb, Mahipal, Agneya
Kale
Lineage (Vansh): Suryavanshi
Gotra: Kadam
Guru: Mandavya
Surnames:-
Mahin, Ghahine, Sarse, Hubale, Shriram, Gore/Gora, Dombale, Singare, Gharbudwe, Dadas, Namkade, Sigire.
Karith
Lineage(Vansh): Chandravanshi
Gotra: Karith
Guru:
Surnames:-
Khoda, Saisaiya, Tota (Toita), Zhola, Khare, Khunchar (Khasarka), Lachatar (Nachatar), Dhubal (Dhimana), Dhokad, Bhadel (Gader, Gaded), Singha (Chora), Mendarka (Mendar), Gorat (Gouraiya)
Katariya
Lineage(Vansh): Chandravanshi
Gotra: Katariya
Guru:
Surnames:-
Katariya
Kaushal
Lineage(Vansh): Suryavanshi
Gotra: Kaushal
Guru:
Surnames:-
Kaushal
Kesari
Lineage(Vansh): Suryavanshi
Gotra: Kesari
Guru:
Surnames:-
Kesariya
Kharat
Lineage(Vansh): Agnivanshi
Gotra: Parihar
Guru: Pundlik
Surnames:-
Dhaygude, Pandhare, Sul, Borkar, Amane, Dhake, Tele, Palve / Pallavas /Pal, Kolpe, Ghagare, Pinjare, Raijade, Kavle, Bhadke, Ghodke, Vele, Tarade, Tamkhade, Ratnaparkhe, Malage, Zhurale, Vande, Gete, Vharkate, Landge, Patkare, Bhople, Thorbole, Sursule, Punekar, Guldawade, Kharate, Satkule, Vange, Palasgawade, Chutkule, Tile, Golari, Shrirame.
Khatal
Lineage (Vansh): Agnivanshi
Gotra: Solanki
Guru: Bharadvaja
Surnames:-
Shejal, Dudhal, Waghmare, Garande, Galande.
Kokare
Lineage (Vansh): Suryavanshi
Gotra: Rathod
Guru: Gautama
Surnames:-
Hajge, Hogle, Aswale, Pingale, Sontakke, Survase, Karhade, Malwade, Rachkar, Devpuje, Sondge, Bhusare, Rajgar, Virkar, Lambhate, Hulkar/Holkar.
Kolekar
Lineage (Vansh): Suryavanshi
Gotra: Kanvah
Guru: Mandavya
Surnames:-
Murde, Sose, Daigande, Hamamkhore, Botyate, Didwagh, Aaglave, Karpe, Bansode, Cavdhare, Aanavale, Naske, Gadve, Raut, Kundlik, Bhagwat.
Kulal
Lineage (Vansh): Suryavanshi
Gotra: Gahlot
Guru: Kashyapa
Surnames:-
Bhise, Buchte
Lavate
Lineage (Vansh): Agnivanshi
Gotra: Solanki
Guru: Bharadvaja
Surnames:-
Narute, Bandgar, Mane, Margale, Hajare, Shendge, Wavare, Dabale, Pokale, Garwat,Garle, Pisal, Kasgude, Nemane, Dhulwade, Bhanawse, Kshirsagar, Shemde, Chore, Halge, Kargal, Kiswe, Gawade, Bindugade, Thite, Kakade, Gaske, Margude, Rode, Zhival, Reve, Badre, Wadere, Dargude, Bagnawar, Zhadgar, Birle, Nigunde, Badhanwar, Misal, Birje, Tandale, khutale, Waykule
Lengre
Lineage (Vansh): Suryavanshi
Gotra: Sengar
Guru: Gautama
Surnames:-
Pisundare, Kalindare, Wagare, Jalindare, Sigare.
Lokare
Lineage (Vansh): Suryavanshi
Gotra: Gahlot
Guru: Kashyapa
Surnames:-
Belnawar
Makwana
Lineage(Vansh): Suryavanshi
Gotra:
Guru:
Surnames:-
Toliya (Toi), Kathodiya (Korali, Kawalana), Saniya (Songara), Galiya (Gari), Khint, Alakniya, Kangaliya, Trad (Tamaliya), Manguda, Lakadiya, Kertiya (Kahare), Satiya
Markad
Lineage (Vansh): Suryavanshi
Gotra: Gahlot
Guru: Kashyapa
Surnames:-
Shivarkar, Mutkar.
Masal
Lineage (Vansh): Agnivanshi
Gotra: Solanki
Guru: Bharadvaja
Surnames:-
Misaal, Gonmasal, Amuksiddha, Khajane, Saal, Bhadange, Walse, Paleri, Wader.
Maurya
Lineage(Vansh): Suryavanshi
Gotra: Maurya
Guru: Gautama
Surnames:-
Maurya (Mauri)
Nagvansha
Lineage(Vansh):
Gotra:
Guru:
Surnames:-
Algotar, Nagani, Balani, Ratani, Kanmamiya, Shiyaliya, Bhuva, Bhadukiya, Kirala, Borkhiya, Makani, Sangadiya, Ganoliya, Kamijaliya, Adalsara, Mathukiya, Eilaliya, Budheliya, Manepara, Warasadiya, Dudhariya, Dihora, Thanasiniya, Velar, Sampaliya, Paranaliya
Nikhumbiya
Lineage(Vansh): Suryavanshi
Gotra: Nikhumb
Guru: Vasishta
Surnames:-
Nikhumbiya (Kumiya)
Parihar
Lineage(Vansh): Agnivanshi
Gotra: Parihar
Guru: Pundrik
Surnames:-
Pratihar, Valekar, Bandgar (Badgar, Badgare), Dhole, Proktat, Lolge, Khemnar (Karwariya)
Parihar
Lineage(Vansh): Agnivanshi
Gotra: Parihar
Guru: Kasyapa
Surnames:-
Parihar, Padiyar, Padriya, Masaniya, Dhiman, Nadata (Nikhatha, Nikta), Dhubela (Dubela, Dabala)
Parmar
Lineage(Vansh): Agnivanshi
Gotra: Pramar
Guru: Vasishta
Surnames:-
Parmar (Ponwar), Rehar (Riyar), Baguliya, Umara, Sumara, Kokande, Soda, Surtiya (Satogiya), Raraha (Rarha), Kalam, Sagar, Sugada (Sugara), Varah (Bareha, Budaha), Kher, Dhaiwar, Darekar, Palve, Gujar, Diwate, Vichare, Tawade
Parmar
Lineage(Vansh): Suryavanshi
Gotra: Parmar
Guru:
Surnames:-
Gamara, Bambhawa, Ratadiya, Cawadiya, Basada, Baba, Dhak (Dank, Damb), Momiyatar (Miwat), Babutar (Babukiya), Kala, Dhuma, Jingora, Kuwar, Taria, Ghodachad, Bidana, Rawa, Raswat, Rokadka, Phuliya, Bambha, Sosala, Sawaro, Khodo
Pundir
Lineage(Vansh): Suryavanshi
Gotra: Pundir
Guru: Pulasta
Surnames:-
Pundir
Raikwar
Lineage(Vansh): Suryavanshi
Gotra: Rathod
Guru: Bharadwaj
Surnames:-
Raikwar (Rainkwar)
Rathod
Lineage(Vansh): Suryavanshi
Gotra: Rashtrakut
Guru: Gautama
Surnames:-
Rathod, Dhanpute(Ghetawat), Gawad (Govind), Achate (Asadeya), Zhanjar, Chand(Chandhash), Raijada, Sankapal, Kokate, Datar (Datir), Jotshi(Jetshi), Virkar, Bhate, Hulkar, Parkhe (Parke), Baharand (Bahar), Patan, Lambate (Lumbawat),
Rathod
Lineage(Vansh): Suryavanshi
Gotra: Rashtrakut
Guru: Gautama
Surnames:-
Rathod, Mohaniya, Babariya, Hans, Kasumiya, Chand, Bhilavate, Phulasunga, Kanoujiya, Sura (Surah), Panchbhaiya, Chavadiya (Chaubhariya), Kabariya (Kabar), Sohad (Suhand), Gogara (Gagariya) (Gugari),
Rathod
Lineage(Vansh): Suryavanshi
Gotra: Rashtrakut
Guru: Gautama
Surnames:-
Susara, Chiroliya, Goletar, Gendala, Lamka, Pansa, Daharka, Khareliya, Bodhadiya, Vakatar (Bhachatar), Mendhat, Balika, Kukana (Kanitar, Kukano), Bhadsiyo, Gundalo
Sarak
Lineage (Vansh): Agnivanshi
Gotra: Solanki
Guru: Bharadvaja
Surnames:-
Zharak, Taranwar, Shelke, Ghite, Lakade, Chopde, Bhadke, Perwale, Harale, Virje, Pisal, Shelar.
Sargar
Lineage (Vansh): Agnivanshi
Gotra: Chauhan
Guru: Vatsa
Surnames:-
Sadnawar, Phonde, Pipre, Katre, Malgonde, Gadve, Metkari, Kuspe, Nambalkar, Sumpape, Khupkar, Turbare.
Sengar
Lineage(Vansh): Chandravanshi
Gotra: Sengar
Guru: Gautama
Surnames:-
Sengar
Shinde
Lineage (Vansh): Agnivanshi
Gotra: Parihar
Guru: Pundlik
Surnames:-
Zunje, Kaljate, Kandure, Handware, Khadke, Bendre, Dhone, Bichukle, Harale, Sute.
Shingade
Lineage (Vansh): Suryavanshi
Gotra: Sengar
Guru: Gautama
Surnames:-
Burungale, Tarade, Vhatkar, Dhawan/Chawan/Chauvan, Malawe.
Sikarwar
Lineage(Vansh): Suryavanshi
Gotra: Sikarwal
Guru: Bharadwaj
Surnames:-
Sikarwal, Sikarwar, Shikarwal
Shindhav
Lineage(Vansh): Chandravanshi
Gotra:
Guru:
Surnames:-
Shindhav, Zhapada, Bhankhada, Shiyal, Hadagaida, Chachada, Saduda, Bhundiya, Dhangar, Wankiya, Watwad (Wangol), Babara, Sachala, Kukad (Kalod), Bhubhaniya (Doniya), Buhiya (Bhukiya), Bholiya (Bhohok)
Sisodiya
Lineage(Vansh): Suryavanshi
Gotra:
Guru:
Surnames:-
Mewada, Mewara
Solankar
Lineage (Vansh): Chandravanshi
Gotra: Yadav
Guru: Kaudinya
Surnames:-
Parkar, Khandekar, Waghmode, Hirve, Ekkar, Thavre, Ogare, Nitwe, Ingale, Doiphodhe, Tambe, Sid/Sidd, Padule, Hagre, Gawand, Ghogre, Dhupe, Sarje, Gadekar, Kolse, Hade, Dhamdere, Virkar.
Solankhi
Lineage(Vansh): Agnivanshi
Gotra: Solankhi
Guru: Bharadwaj
Surnames:-
Solankhi, Kutriya, Sarbariya (Sarbahiya, Sarwaiyya, Sarwariya), Katariya, Baghel (Baghela), Tantiya (Taitiya, Tetiha), Bhagmar (Bhagmare), Tambe, Kulki, Kanoujiye, Shivle, Randhir, Mhatre, Kalekar, Chalukya, Pandhare, Hukrul, Kamble,
Solankhi
Lineage(Vansh): Agnivanshi
Gotra: Solankhi
Guru: Bharadwaj
Surnames:-
Vahara, Bhoriya, Dhadhalka, Bamniya, Bhimdevaka
Swar
Lineage (Vansh): Suryavanshi
Gotra: Gahlot
Guru: Kashyapa
Surnames:-
Sudnawar, Hegadkar, Balar, Barange, Dhpatwar, Gele, Dinde, Sirgire, Goikar, Satye.
Takale
Lineage (Vansh): Suryavanshi
Gotra: Gahlot
Guru: Kashyapa
Surnames:-
Arade, Tupe, Tikale.
Tawar
Lineage(Vansh): Yaduvanshi
Gotra: Tawar
Guru: Gargayan
Surnames:-
Karkante (Katiyare), Phunke (Phakare), Tamade, Dhawade, Malpawar, Pulke, Vadge,
Thengal
Lineage (Vansh): Suryavanshi
Gotra: Gahlot
Guru: Kashyapa
Surnames:-
Sangane, Tule, Thengale
Thombre
Lineage (Vansh): Yaduvanshi
Gotra: Tomara
Guru: Gargayan
Surnames:-
Sonawle, Vhate, Katmare.
Thorat/Waykule
Lineage (Vansh): Suryavanshi
Gotra: Gahlot
Guru: Kashyapa
Surnames:-
Anawase, Mahanwar, Tanal, Khatke, Pavne, Satpute, Lokhande, Shigwate, Deokar, Kalgude, Dhakar, Barve, Khamgal, Supkar, Supne, Late, Pandharmise, Sumne, Patole,Tonde, Rahinj, Bhagwat, Gadade,
Tomar
Lineage(Vansh): Chandravanshi
Gotra: Tomar
Guru: Garga
Surnames:-
Tomar, Tawar (Thambar), Indoliya, (Indoriya), Kourwa, Hantal, Shishupal (Shirshawal, Sirsawal, Sirsawar), Hareliya, Kasturi (Kasturiya), Dahaliya, Jandhara, Gadwal
Vadhel
Lineage(Vansh): Suryavanshi
Gotra:
Guru:
Surnames:-
Mundhawa
Vala/Wala
Lineage(Vansh):
Gotra: Vala
Guru:
Surnames:-
Vala, Boliya
Waghela / Baghela
Lineage(Vansh): Suryavanshi
Gotra:
Guru:
Surnames:-
Katariya, Mir, Bhimani, Sekani, Dewasthara, Bawaliya, Sadidiya, Bajudiya, Shiyaniya, Kadipara, Gangadiya, Bhilodiya, Lilapara, Kapeliya, Malakiya, Sapara, Rojahara, Aolakiya, Dhargiya, Hadadiya, Jakhadiya, Gorani, Patamiya, Sotiya, Dambala, Bhokalpa,
Wakse
Lineage (Vansh): Suryavanshi
Gotra: Gahlot
Guru: Kashyapa
Surnames:-
Uske, Maske, Choramle, Sirsat, Bangale, Kurhade, Mugutrao.
Yadav
Lineage(Vansh): Chandravanshi
Gotra: Yadav
Guru: Kaudinya
Surnames:-
Yadav, Nabhada (Nabhaka), Ransinh, Navale, Dubal, Dhanpal, Dhampal, Umthere, Bhole, Kajalag, Ghag, Waghela, Bawale, Aaute, Pingale, Phakade, Ghone, Sirke, Dhekale, Kattare, Jagpal, Malerao, Phalke, Sinhe (Sinha), Dharat, Pathare, Patare, Bhojke, Mukhmane (Makhbara), Mahajan, Podare, Bulake, Gade, Bawar, Hote, Rahatad, Hodge, Turiye, Namate, Tomar, Gawali
Yadav
Lineage(Vansh): Chandravanshi
Gotra: Yadav
Guru: Kaudinya
Surnames:-
Radha (Rada, Rahada), Gaikwar, Kewala (Kubaraila), Banaphal (Banaphar), Bhati, Dabi (Dabhi, Dobhiya)
Yadav
Lineage(Vansh): Chandravanshi
Gotra:
Guru:
Surnames:-
Bhatiya, Gokika (Golakiya), Jathur, Korali, Dhangiya (Kanjiya), Cheriya, Thunga, Ugiya (Udhadhala, Uradhala), Dadura (Dorala), Harniya (Holapat), Bauwar, Bagiya (Badhadhala, Baradhala), Munchala (Malawa), Goga, Chausala, Baraliya
Yedage
Lineage (Vansh): Suryavanshi
Gotra: Gahlot
Guru: Kashyapa
Surnames:-
Hajare, Jedage, Sanne, Jugdar, Jondhale, Jawalge, Garande, Redke, Yedke, Yedge, Edke.
Zhala
Lineage(Vansh): Chandravanshi
Gotra: Zhala
Guru: Vasishta
Surnames:-
Zhala
Some South Indian Clans
Aadina, Aanne, Adwar Hadasale, Amme, Andara, Anne, Arisina, Aoti, Arasu, Arei, Asalu, Asli, Aslu, Atti, Ballari, Banda, Bandi, Banni, Basalu, Basari, Belada, Bevina, Bhoja, Bijjala, Bilwa, Bira, Bosa, Bosala, Bujjenige, Chandana, Chitalu, Dande, Dani, Dasari, Devadaru, Duddidana, Eralu, Gali, Gauda, Gogandi, Hande, Hariwana, Harusha, Hatte, Hothana, Jadi, Jande, Janni, Kachana, Kaggala, Kambli, Kampala, Kankaitayana, Kateda, Kawadi, Kenchalu, Kolle, Kote, Kundan, Kuniwa, Kuppina, Kuwala, Majjana, Malle, Mallige, Manasina, Manne, Mautte, Masalu, Mesalu, Michina, Misu, Muruhinda, Mutina, Nagara, Nagare, Nahi, Nali, Nalige, Nilli, Nonaba, Rajakula, Sada, Sakala, Salva, Samanta, Sampige, Sangam, Sangara, Sannakambli, Sasalu, Semant, Sena, Sevige, Simpala, Tarugara, Thagaru, Tube, Unne, Uppina, Wanagare,
Oraon Clans
Majority of oraon write their gotra (Kerketta, Xalxo, Xaxa, Xess, Tirkey,Toppo,Tigga, Kujur,Minz, Ekka Barla,Barwa, Indwar, Lakra, Beck, Dhanwar/Dhangar, Baghwar,Kachhap, kindo, Kispota, kanda, Kokro, Gaddi, Khoya, Chermanko,Dadel, Niya, Panna, Bakula, Basa, Bando,Bhagat, Binko, Beck, Munjni, Runda, Linda,Son, Rawna, etc) with their name. However, those who follow Tana Bhagat principle orSarna Dharma write Bhagat in place of gotra. Many prefer to write Oraon as second name in place of gotra.
Notable Dhangars
Kingdoms
Dwaraka Kingdom
Kunti Kingdom
Holkars
The Great Maharaja Yashwantrao Holkar was the first freedom fighter who made an army, in 1803, mostly consisting of Dhangars to fight with the British and to drive them out of India single handedly. He built a factory to manufacture cannons. He appealed to the rest of the Kings of India and said, "First Country and then Religion. We will have to rise above caste, religion and our states in the interest of our country. You too must wage a war against the British like me". His appeal fell on deaf ears as all of them had already signed treaties with the British. The Dhangars took part in the revolt of 1857. Many of them were hanged till death in Berar (M.P.). The British were so much afraid of Dhangars that they made a law banning purchase of land by Dhangars stating a reason that they were not Kunbis (Agriculturists). They were oppressed in all spheres of life, they were never allowed to come forward. He was the only King in India to whom the British approached to sign a peace treaty. Initially he refused to sign any treaty with the British but when he saw that rest of the Kings were not ready to unite and were interested in personal benefits he was the last to sign a treaty with the British on 24 December 1805 at Rajghat. He didn’t accept any condition which would affect his self respect.
Hoysalas
Vijayanagar Empire
Rashtrakutas
Maurya
Pallavas
Political
Late Shivajirao Shendge
Prakashanna Shendge M.L.C.(Maharashtra) BJP
Anandrao Devkate Ex-Minister (Maharashtra) Congress(I)
Ganpatrao Deshmukh M.L.A. (Maharashtra) PWP
Annasaheb Dange Ex-Minister (Maharashtra)
Mahadeo Jankar (Maharashtra) President RSP
B K Kokare. Founder, Yashwant Sena.
Social Workers / Reformists
Anna Hazare
Krantiveer Bapu Biru Wategaonkar
India
General Sri Nagesh
Kapil Sibal - Union Minister
Bandaru Dattatreya - Former Union Minister.
Siddaramaiah - Former Deputy Chief Minister of Karnataka
Laxmidevi Ramanna - First woman representative in Mysore Assembly.
Sangolli Rayanna was a prominent freedom fighter. He continued the struggle till 1829. Finally he was captured by treachery and hanged. At the time of being hanged he said "My last wish is to be born again in the country to fight against the British and drive them away from our sacred soil".
Writers
N. D. Mahanor
Adv.Dilip Yedatkar,Editor Daily Matadar
See also
Khandoba
Eklingji
Pashupati / Shree Pashupatinath
Veer Mhaskoba
Beeralingeswara
Janai Malai
External links
Distribution of Y Haplogroup
Pastorial People Worldwide
Molecular insight into the genesis of ranked caste populations of western India by Sonali Gaikwad and VK Kashyap
Gene differentiation among the Dhangar caste-cluster of Maharashtra, India
Dances of Maharashtra
Jejuri
Dhangar Matrimonies
http://www.vidyaonline.net/arvindgupta/mythandreality.pdf
http://illiad.biblio.com/isbn/351501926X.html
Matrimonial distance, inbreeding coefficient and population size: Dhangar data
The Warlis and the Dhangars
[1]
References
Karve, Irawati, 1969, Maharashtra, land and people. Bombay.
Enthoven, R.E., 1920, Tribes and castes of Bombay Presidency. Bombay.
Sontheimer, G.D., 1975, ‘The Dhangars’, In L.S. Leshnik and G.D. Sontheimer, (eds.), Nomads and pastoralists in South Asia. Wiesbaden.
The Dhangar community is one of the oldest existing communities of India, tracing its history back to Mahabharata times. They have originated several ruling dynasties, most recently theHolkars of Indore.
Prominent Dhangars have been Hakkaraya and Bukkaraya, founders of Vijayanagara Empire. Dhangars have founded the Hoysalas, Rashtrakutas, Maurya, Pallav, Holkar dynasties. In addition the poets Kalidasa and Kanakadasa were also Dhangars.
The famous Vithoba temple at Pandharpur was built by Vishnuvardhana who was a Dhangar from the Hoysala Dynasty.
Traditionally being warriors, shepherds and farmers, Dhangars were late to take up modern day education. Though it has a notable population not only in Maharashtra but also in India, had a rich history, today it is still politically highly unorganized community and is socially, educationally, economically and politically backward.
Contents
[hide]
1 Dhangari Gaja
2 Jejuri
3 Other names
4 Clans in India
4.1 Ainwar
4.2 Aaldar
4.3 Aawale
4.4 Badgujar
4.5 Baniya
4.6 Bhains
4.7 Bute
4.8 Chauhan
4.9 Chauhan
4.10 Chauhan
4.11 Chandel
4.12 Chandrawat
4.13 Chawda/Chawla
4.14 Chudawat
4.15 Dhabi
4.16 Dagade
4.17 Dahiya
4.18 Deokate
4.19 Deora
4.20 Dhakar
4.21 Dhekaha
4.22 Dikshit
4.23 Gahalot
4.24 Gahlot
4.25 Gaharwar
4.26 Gaud
4.27 Gautama
4.28 Gohil
4.29 Hake
4.30 Halnawar
4.31 Harine
4.32 Jankar
4.33 Kachawahe
4.34 Kachwa
4.35 Kadamb
4.36 Kale
4.37 Karith
4.38 Katariya
4.39 Kaushal
4.40 Kesari
4.41 Kharat
4.42 Khatal
4.43 Kokare
4.44 Kolekar
4.45 Kulal
4.46 Lavate
4.47 Lengre
4.48 Lokare
4.49 Makwana
4.50 Markad
4.51 Masal
4.52 Maurya
4.53 Nagvansha
4.54 Nikhumbiya
4.55 Parihar
4.56 Parihar
4.57 Parmar
4.58 Parmar
4.59 Pundir
4.60 Raikwar
4.61 Rathod
4.62 Rathod
4.63 Rathod
4.64 Sarak
4.65 Sargar
4.66 Sengar
4.67 Shinde
4.68 Shingade
4.69 Sikarwar
4.70 Shindhav
4.71 Sisodiya
4.72 Solankar
4.73 Solankhi
4.74 Solankhi
4.75 Swar
4.76 Takale
4.77 Tawar
4.78 Thengal
4.79 Thombre
4.80 Thorat/Waykule
4.81 Tomar
4.82 Vadhel
4.83 Vala/Wala
4.84 Waghela / Baghela
4.85 Wakse
4.86 Yadav
4.87 Yadav
4.88 Yadav
4.89 Yedage
4.90 Zhala
4.91 Some South Indian Clans
4.92 Oraon Clans
5 Notable Dhangars
6 See also
7 External links
8 References
Dhangari Gaja
This is a dance form performed by Dhangars of Solapur district of Maharashtra. Their poetry is mainly inspired by the evergreen trees all around. The poetry is in a form called 'Ovi' which is made up of couplets. These poems also contain tales of the birth of their God "Biruba" orBirappa, in simple and basic lines. The group of dancers surrounds the drum players and move at the rhythm
Jejuri
Jejuri is one of the famous temples in Maharashtra. The God of Jejuri - Khandoba (Lord Shiva), who is husband of Banai (from the Dhangar caste) - is popular amongst the Dhangars.
Other names
Dhangars are identified by different names in different regions of the country.
Andar
Ahiyaru
Ahir,Ahir
(Tirthap, Thakre, Manore, Sonwane, Baviskar, Pawar,Borse, Sangore, Nhyade, Adhave, Landge, Nile, Khankhare only in North Maharashtra. DHULE - JALGAON DIST.)
Appugol
Maldhari / Bharwad / Rabari/ Jagri / Khavas (Gujrath)
Baghel
Bakarwal (Jammu & Kashmir)
Bhadiyar / Gangajali
Bharavadaru
Burungale
Dhangad / Dhanwar / Dhanpal / Dhangod
Doddi Gowda
Gari / Bharud / Ghosi (MP)
Gadhariya / Gadaria / Gadariya (UP, MP, Bihar)
Gowda
Gaddi
Gadri
Gairi / Gari / Ghosi / Gurjar / Dewasi (Rajasthan)
Gollavadu
Golla
Gounder
[ [Gore] ]
Gowda
Gwala
Halumatha
Heggades
Idaiga / Idyar / Idiyan / Idaiyar / Konar (Tamilnadu)
Kanne
Khuruk
Kamaria
Kuda
Kuruba (Karnataka, AP)
Kuruba Gowda
Kurumba / Kurumbar / Kurumans / Kurubaru (Tamilnadu)
Kurmar
Kalavar
Kuruma
Kurumavaaru
Kurkhi
Kurupu
Kantak
Naikers
Neekhar (North India)
Nikhers
Oraon (East India)
Pal / Pala (North India)
Palaru
Paalakyatriya
Poduvar
Raika
Yadavalu
Clans in India
Dhangars are Kshatriyas. Kshatriyas have three major castes (or ethnic groups) - the Dhangars, the Rajputs and the Marathas. The Rajputs are Indo-Scythians and mainly had their kingdoms in North India. The Rajputs did not originate as a tribe or a single community. They emerge from history as a collection of clans ruling different regions. The term Rajput as it is used today refers to the set of intermarrying royal clans. The Marathas are Indo-Aryans and had an empire which spread all over central and North India and the Dhangars are Proto-Asians and had their Kingdoms in South India and Central India. Rajputs have 36 Clans, Marathas have 96 Clans and Dhangars have 108 clans out of which 90 are known so far in India. Originally these castes were one and had mutual interactions of dining together and intermarrying amongst them.
The widespread Palaeolithic mtDNA haplogroups and analysis of Y-DNA Haplogroup in Dhangar clans highlight their Proto-Asian genetic ancestries. Dhangar heterogeneity is ascribable to predominantly South-Asian males and West-Eurasian females. Dhangar have significant Pleistocene gene pool corroborating their “Proto-Asian” origin.
Dhangars are believed to be Indo-Aryans as the Aryans were shepherds.
Enthoven in his observations has listed 22 Endogamous groups (Sub-Castes) and 108Exogamous groups (Clans) of Dhangars (Enthoven 1920:311). It should be recorded that the list of the 22 Endogamous groups and 108 Exogamous groups of Dhangars, as provided by Enthoven, is not exhaustive.
The following list of clans is limited to few surnames of all sub-castes from India.
Ainwar
Lineage (Vansh): Suryavanshi
Gotra: Gahlot
Guru: Kashyapa
Surnames:-
Aainwar, Budhnawar, Daknawar, Koyanwar, Makanwar, Bhadnawar.
Aaldar
Lineage (Vansh): Suryavanshi
Gotra: Gahlot
Guru: Kashyapa
Surnames:-
Waldawar, Karnawar, Kamade, Dange.
Aawale
Lineage (Vansh): Suryavanshi
Gotra: Gahlot
Guru: Kashyapa
Surnames:-
Pukale, Yamgar, Yamanwar.
Badgujar
Lineage(Vansh): Suryavanshi
Gotra: Badgujar
Guru: Vasishta
Surnames:-
Badgujar, Raghav, Sonchiraiya
Baniya
Lineage(Vansh): Suryavanshi
Gotra: Bhains
Guru: Bharadwaj
Surnames:-
Baniya, Nihaliya, Kadiwal, Kathuliya, Pathariya, Dandimar, Sude
Bhains
Lineage(Vansh): Suryavanshi
Gotra: Bhains
Guru: Bharadwaj
Surnames:-
Bhains (Baniya), Baruliya (Badheliya), Basade (Bhainsale), Kati (Kataha), Katheriya, Kathabhains, Trilokchandi
Bute
Lineage (Vansh): Agnivanshi
Gotra: Pratihara
Guru: Vasishta
Surnames:-
Tate, Kachare, More/Maurya, Kuwalkude, Bavdan, Doiphode, Wagh, Pise, Bire, Dalvi, Keskar.
Chauhan
Lineage(Vansh): Agnivanshi
Gotra: Chauhan
Guru: Vatsa
Surnames:-
Chauhan, Dhaneriya (Dhanariya), Kulaha (Kulhaiya), Bhadiriya, Pawaya (Parwiya), Gujela (Gajayala), Sapaha (Sapha, Sarpatha), Bhakal (Bhakar, Bhikhar), Vasundariya (Basundariya, Vagasariya), Mukarana, Zhumariya, Songira, Dhundhariya (Dudhediya), Tijwara (Tijwal, Tijwadiya), Balecha (Bhilecha, Bhilaicha, Bilaicha), Harine (Hiranwal, Hiranwar, Hinwar), Mohil (Mahali, Mahil), Boda (Voda, Vora, Bora),
Chauhan
Lineage(Vansh): Agnivanshi
Gotra: Chauhan
Guru: Vatsa
Surnames:-
Rao, Kote, Khorane (Khakare), Bande, Cikale, Pawad (Padiya), Hamvir, Tenchiriye (Tetiye), Jamble, Kamare, Khose (Khasa), Khadagde (Khagadiya), Ghatod (Ghatotiya), Abhiriye, Jatare (Jatayane), Waghode, Wagare, Badad, Bhakare, Matkar, Hande, Shejal (Shejpal), Maskar, Lad, Sakare (Sakareka), Sudake, Hiropiraji, Aswale, Bidkar, Chitrak (Citak), Barange, Pansre
Chauhan
Lineage(Vansh): Suryavanshi
Gotra: Chauhan
Guru:
Surnames:-
Karir, Rachwana, Ajara, Boruka, Rabhad, Somanka, Maru, Sonla
Chandel
Lineage(Vansh): Chandravanshi
Gotra: Chandrel
Guru: Parashar
Surnames:-
Chandel, Kauwa, Guhiya, Chandiya, Rai, Bhesedewale, Manikiwake, Chandaliya, Pakhariya
Chandrawat
Lineage(Vansh): Agnivanshi
Gotra: Padiyar
Guru: Kashyapa
Surnames:-
Kiloliya
Chawda/Chawla
Lineage(Vansh): Suryavanshi
Gotra:
Guru:
Surnames:-
Jogaha (Jogara, Jokhawa, Jodika), Lambariya, Rananga, Jaidevka, Aaduka, Ghumaha (Dhemun), Punchala (Panchatar), Jograna, Donda
Chudawat
Lineage(Vansh): Suryavanshi
Gotra: Shisodiya
Guru: Kashyapa
Surnames:-
Chudawat
Dhabi
Lineage(Vansh): Chandravanshi
Gotra: Dabhi
Guru:
Surnames:-
Dabhi
Dagade
Lineage (Vansh): Suryavanshi
Gotra: Gahlot
Guru: Kashyapa
Surnames:-
Pole, Pole, Sansalate, Suslade/Sisodiya.
Dahiya
Lineage(Vansh):
Gotra: Dadhich
Guru: Vyas
Surnames:-
Dahiya
Deokate
Lineage (Vansh): Agnivanshi
Gotra: Chauhan
Guru: Vatsa
Surnames:-
Arjun, Gorad, Vhanmane, Walekar, Rupnawar, Barkade, Metkari, Dhere, Tambe, Tale, Dongre, Bagade, Bhamte, Utare, Kole, Zhade, Khilari, Dabe, Agune, Dorwe, Hanumane, Sudlak, Nigade,Gavade
Deora
Lineage(Vansh): Agnivanshi
Gotra: Chauhan
Guru: Vatsa
Surnames:-
Nirwan, Nirwal, Narwal, Deoda, Dawad
Dhakar
Lineage(Vansh): Suryavanshi
Gotra: Dhakar
Guru: Bharadwaj
Surnames:-
Dhakar
Dhekaha
Lineage(Vansh): Agnivanshi
Gotra: Ponwar
Guru: Kashyapa
Surnames:-
Dhakeriya
Dikshit
Lineage(Vansh): Suryavanshi
Gotra: Dikshit
Guru: Kashyapa
Surnames:-
Dikshit, Pachouri (Panchoutariya), Brahamaniya (Bamaniya), Bhidiyar (Bhadiyar), Surya (Suriya), Siriya, Bhindawar
Gahalot
Lineage(Vansh): Suryavanshi
Gotra: Gahlot
Guru: Kashyapa
Surnames:-
Sawal, Grover, Talware (Talwade), Malap, Aaibhai, Mahadig, Tagad (Tahar), Nakase, Sigwan, Joshi, Apradh, Pardhe, Rao, Malusare, Thorat, Bhoite, Siside, Dorik (Dorge), Dalvi (Dalawat), Jore (Jirake, Jirage), Ahodage (Ahare), Guhela, Hulkar ,bar
Gahlot
Lineage(Vansh): Suryavanshi
Gotra: Gahlot
Guru: Kasyapa
Surnames:-
Gahlot, (Gohil, Guhela, Gohilwal), Nandoliya (Nandoriya, Nadouda), Shishodiya ( Sisodiya), Mongaliya, Bachaliya (Bachriya), Hul, Udayadpuri (Udaypuri), Gorkha, Godha, Kalum, Kakotak (Kekotak), Kuchela (Kachela), Kelawa
Gaharwar
Lineage(Vansh): Chandravanshi
Gotra: Grahawar
Guru: Kashyapa
Surnames:-
Gaharwal, Bundela, Bobadiya
Gaud
Lineage(Vansh): Suryavanshi
Gotra: Gaud
Guru: Bharadwaj
Surnames:-
Gaud, Makakana
Gautama
Lineage(Vansh): Suryavanshi
Gotra: Gautama
Guru: Gautama
Surnames:-
Gautama
Gohil
Lineage(Vansh): Suryavanshi
Gotra:
Guru:
Surnames:-
Gohil, Padsariya (Pratihariya), Kharagiya (Khargaiya), Varu (Virat, Verun), Cataka (Canduka), Kachela (Kachohiya), Zhunzha, Bau, Babariya,
Hake
Lineage (Vansh): Chandravanshi
Gotra: Yadav
Guru: Kaudinya
Surnames:-
Madne, Khareje, Gophane, Dahibhate, Ghutukade, Hande, Dolwade, Lubale, Ebade, Zhalgar, Metkari, Pise, Bijgude, Hise, Lande, Bane, Bargale, Warge.Kabugade
Halnawar
Lineage (Vansh): Suryavanshi
Gotra: Gahlot
Guru: Kashyapa
Surnames:-
Bivkar, Dilgude, Hulgunde, Dudhe, Sarwade, Yele, Shiddhaguru, Kodalkar.
Harine
Lineage(Vansh): Agnivanshi
Gotra: Chauhan
Guru: Vatsa
Surnames:-
Harine (Hiranwal, Hiranwar, Bade, Hinwar, Kharsela, Chalangiya, Shorampuriya, Kalpacha
Jankar
Lineage (Vansh): Suryavanshi
Gotra: Gahlot
Guru: Kashyapa
Surnames:-
Karande, Raut, Mote, Male, Ghule, Bidghar, Waghe / Waghela / Baghel, Karmare, Kare, Padalkar.
Kachawahe
Lineage(Vansh): Suryavanshi
Gotra: Kachwahe
Guru: Gautama
Surnames:-
Kachawa (Kachawahe, Kachawaha), Gohar (Gohad), Vikaliya (Bakaliya), Jamawal, Bartela (Bhatiyala), Kalandar,Kasib (Kasim), Lad, Kukiya (Kukaha)
Kachwa
Lineage(Vansh): Suryavanshi
Gotra: Kachawai
Guru: Manavya
Surnames:-
Surve, Aaglave, Kewade, Hake, Gade, Gaike, Naik, Devre, Shitole, Gawase, Kalmukh, Sidgode (Shingade), Gaikwad, Sukhe (Sherwe), Gurve, Kakade, Khebhale, Dinge, Takade, Vankhede, Ghodke, Dangre, Gorud (Garodige), Ghad
Kadamb
Lineage(Vansh): Suryavanshi
Gotra: Kadamb
Guru: Manavya
Surnames:-
Kadamb, Mahipal, Agneya
Kale
Lineage (Vansh): Suryavanshi
Gotra: Kadam
Guru: Mandavya
Surnames:-
Mahin, Ghahine, Sarse, Hubale, Shriram, Gore/Gora, Dombale, Singare, Gharbudwe, Dadas, Namkade, Sigire.
Karith
Lineage(Vansh): Chandravanshi
Gotra: Karith
Guru:
Surnames:-
Khoda, Saisaiya, Tota (Toita), Zhola, Khare, Khunchar (Khasarka), Lachatar (Nachatar), Dhubal (Dhimana), Dhokad, Bhadel (Gader, Gaded), Singha (Chora), Mendarka (Mendar), Gorat (Gouraiya)
Katariya
Lineage(Vansh): Chandravanshi
Gotra: Katariya
Guru:
Surnames:-
Katariya
Kaushal
Lineage(Vansh): Suryavanshi
Gotra: Kaushal
Guru:
Surnames:-
Kaushal
Kesari
Lineage(Vansh): Suryavanshi
Gotra: Kesari
Guru:
Surnames:-
Kesariya
Kharat
Lineage(Vansh): Agnivanshi
Gotra: Parihar
Guru: Pundlik
Surnames:-
Dhaygude, Pandhare, Sul, Borkar, Amane, Dhake, Tele, Palve / Pallavas /Pal, Kolpe, Ghagare, Pinjare, Raijade, Kavle, Bhadke, Ghodke, Vele, Tarade, Tamkhade, Ratnaparkhe, Malage, Zhurale, Vande, Gete, Vharkate, Landge, Patkare, Bhople, Thorbole, Sursule, Punekar, Guldawade, Kharate, Satkule, Vange, Palasgawade, Chutkule, Tile, Golari, Shrirame.
Khatal
Lineage (Vansh): Agnivanshi
Gotra: Solanki
Guru: Bharadvaja
Surnames:-
Shejal, Dudhal, Waghmare, Garande, Galande.
Kokare
Lineage (Vansh): Suryavanshi
Gotra: Rathod
Guru: Gautama
Surnames:-
Hajge, Hogle, Aswale, Pingale, Sontakke, Survase, Karhade, Malwade, Rachkar, Devpuje, Sondge, Bhusare, Rajgar, Virkar, Lambhate, Hulkar/Holkar.
Kolekar
Lineage (Vansh): Suryavanshi
Gotra: Kanvah
Guru: Mandavya
Surnames:-
Murde, Sose, Daigande, Hamamkhore, Botyate, Didwagh, Aaglave, Karpe, Bansode, Cavdhare, Aanavale, Naske, Gadve, Raut, Kundlik, Bhagwat.
Kulal
Lineage (Vansh): Suryavanshi
Gotra: Gahlot
Guru: Kashyapa
Surnames:-
Bhise, Buchte
Lavate
Lineage (Vansh): Agnivanshi
Gotra: Solanki
Guru: Bharadvaja
Surnames:-
Narute, Bandgar, Mane, Margale, Hajare, Shendge, Wavare, Dabale, Pokale, Garwat,Garle, Pisal, Kasgude, Nemane, Dhulwade, Bhanawse, Kshirsagar, Shemde, Chore, Halge, Kargal, Kiswe, Gawade, Bindugade, Thite, Kakade, Gaske, Margude, Rode, Zhival, Reve, Badre, Wadere, Dargude, Bagnawar, Zhadgar, Birle, Nigunde, Badhanwar, Misal, Birje, Tandale, khutale, Waykule
Lengre
Lineage (Vansh): Suryavanshi
Gotra: Sengar
Guru: Gautama
Surnames:-
Pisundare, Kalindare, Wagare, Jalindare, Sigare.
Lokare
Lineage (Vansh): Suryavanshi
Gotra: Gahlot
Guru: Kashyapa
Surnames:-
Belnawar
Makwana
Lineage(Vansh): Suryavanshi
Gotra:
Guru:
Surnames:-
Toliya (Toi), Kathodiya (Korali, Kawalana), Saniya (Songara), Galiya (Gari), Khint, Alakniya, Kangaliya, Trad (Tamaliya), Manguda, Lakadiya, Kertiya (Kahare), Satiya
Markad
Lineage (Vansh): Suryavanshi
Gotra: Gahlot
Guru: Kashyapa
Surnames:-
Shivarkar, Mutkar.
Masal
Lineage (Vansh): Agnivanshi
Gotra: Solanki
Guru: Bharadvaja
Surnames:-
Misaal, Gonmasal, Amuksiddha, Khajane, Saal, Bhadange, Walse, Paleri, Wader.
Maurya
Lineage(Vansh): Suryavanshi
Gotra: Maurya
Guru: Gautama
Surnames:-
Maurya (Mauri)
Nagvansha
Lineage(Vansh):
Gotra:
Guru:
Surnames:-
Algotar, Nagani, Balani, Ratani, Kanmamiya, Shiyaliya, Bhuva, Bhadukiya, Kirala, Borkhiya, Makani, Sangadiya, Ganoliya, Kamijaliya, Adalsara, Mathukiya, Eilaliya, Budheliya, Manepara, Warasadiya, Dudhariya, Dihora, Thanasiniya, Velar, Sampaliya, Paranaliya
Nikhumbiya
Lineage(Vansh): Suryavanshi
Gotra: Nikhumb
Guru: Vasishta
Surnames:-
Nikhumbiya (Kumiya)
Parihar
Lineage(Vansh): Agnivanshi
Gotra: Parihar
Guru: Pundrik
Surnames:-
Pratihar, Valekar, Bandgar (Badgar, Badgare), Dhole, Proktat, Lolge, Khemnar (Karwariya)
Parihar
Lineage(Vansh): Agnivanshi
Gotra: Parihar
Guru: Kasyapa
Surnames:-
Parihar, Padiyar, Padriya, Masaniya, Dhiman, Nadata (Nikhatha, Nikta), Dhubela (Dubela, Dabala)
Parmar
Lineage(Vansh): Agnivanshi
Gotra: Pramar
Guru: Vasishta
Surnames:-
Parmar (Ponwar), Rehar (Riyar), Baguliya, Umara, Sumara, Kokande, Soda, Surtiya (Satogiya), Raraha (Rarha), Kalam, Sagar, Sugada (Sugara), Varah (Bareha, Budaha), Kher, Dhaiwar, Darekar, Palve, Gujar, Diwate, Vichare, Tawade
Parmar
Lineage(Vansh): Suryavanshi
Gotra: Parmar
Guru:
Surnames:-
Gamara, Bambhawa, Ratadiya, Cawadiya, Basada, Baba, Dhak (Dank, Damb), Momiyatar (Miwat), Babutar (Babukiya), Kala, Dhuma, Jingora, Kuwar, Taria, Ghodachad, Bidana, Rawa, Raswat, Rokadka, Phuliya, Bambha, Sosala, Sawaro, Khodo
Pundir
Lineage(Vansh): Suryavanshi
Gotra: Pundir
Guru: Pulasta
Surnames:-
Pundir
Raikwar
Lineage(Vansh): Suryavanshi
Gotra: Rathod
Guru: Bharadwaj
Surnames:-
Raikwar (Rainkwar)
Rathod
Lineage(Vansh): Suryavanshi
Gotra: Rashtrakut
Guru: Gautama
Surnames:-
Rathod, Dhanpute(Ghetawat), Gawad (Govind), Achate (Asadeya), Zhanjar, Chand(Chandhash), Raijada, Sankapal, Kokate, Datar (Datir), Jotshi(Jetshi), Virkar, Bhate, Hulkar, Parkhe (Parke), Baharand (Bahar), Patan, Lambate (Lumbawat),
Rathod
Lineage(Vansh): Suryavanshi
Gotra: Rashtrakut
Guru: Gautama
Surnames:-
Rathod, Mohaniya, Babariya, Hans, Kasumiya, Chand, Bhilavate, Phulasunga, Kanoujiya, Sura (Surah), Panchbhaiya, Chavadiya (Chaubhariya), Kabariya (Kabar), Sohad (Suhand), Gogara (Gagariya) (Gugari),
Rathod
Lineage(Vansh): Suryavanshi
Gotra: Rashtrakut
Guru: Gautama
Surnames:-
Susara, Chiroliya, Goletar, Gendala, Lamka, Pansa, Daharka, Khareliya, Bodhadiya, Vakatar (Bhachatar), Mendhat, Balika, Kukana (Kanitar, Kukano), Bhadsiyo, Gundalo
Sarak
Lineage (Vansh): Agnivanshi
Gotra: Solanki
Guru: Bharadvaja
Surnames:-
Zharak, Taranwar, Shelke, Ghite, Lakade, Chopde, Bhadke, Perwale, Harale, Virje, Pisal, Shelar.
Sargar
Lineage (Vansh): Agnivanshi
Gotra: Chauhan
Guru: Vatsa
Surnames:-
Sadnawar, Phonde, Pipre, Katre, Malgonde, Gadve, Metkari, Kuspe, Nambalkar, Sumpape, Khupkar, Turbare.
Sengar
Lineage(Vansh): Chandravanshi
Gotra: Sengar
Guru: Gautama
Surnames:-
Sengar
Shinde
Lineage (Vansh): Agnivanshi
Gotra: Parihar
Guru: Pundlik
Surnames:-
Zunje, Kaljate, Kandure, Handware, Khadke, Bendre, Dhone, Bichukle, Harale, Sute.
Shingade
Lineage (Vansh): Suryavanshi
Gotra: Sengar
Guru: Gautama
Surnames:-
Burungale, Tarade, Vhatkar, Dhawan/Chawan/Chauvan, Malawe.
Sikarwar
Lineage(Vansh): Suryavanshi
Gotra: Sikarwal
Guru: Bharadwaj
Surnames:-
Sikarwal, Sikarwar, Shikarwal
Shindhav
Lineage(Vansh): Chandravanshi
Gotra:
Guru:
Surnames:-
Shindhav, Zhapada, Bhankhada, Shiyal, Hadagaida, Chachada, Saduda, Bhundiya, Dhangar, Wankiya, Watwad (Wangol), Babara, Sachala, Kukad (Kalod), Bhubhaniya (Doniya), Buhiya (Bhukiya), Bholiya (Bhohok)
Sisodiya
Lineage(Vansh): Suryavanshi
Gotra:
Guru:
Surnames:-
Mewada, Mewara
Solankar
Lineage (Vansh): Chandravanshi
Gotra: Yadav
Guru: Kaudinya
Surnames:-
Parkar, Khandekar, Waghmode, Hirve, Ekkar, Thavre, Ogare, Nitwe, Ingale, Doiphodhe, Tambe, Sid/Sidd, Padule, Hagre, Gawand, Ghogre, Dhupe, Sarje, Gadekar, Kolse, Hade, Dhamdere, Virkar.
Solankhi
Lineage(Vansh): Agnivanshi
Gotra: Solankhi
Guru: Bharadwaj
Surnames:-
Solankhi, Kutriya, Sarbariya (Sarbahiya, Sarwaiyya, Sarwariya), Katariya, Baghel (Baghela), Tantiya (Taitiya, Tetiha), Bhagmar (Bhagmare), Tambe, Kulki, Kanoujiye, Shivle, Randhir, Mhatre, Kalekar, Chalukya, Pandhare, Hukrul, Kamble,
Solankhi
Lineage(Vansh): Agnivanshi
Gotra: Solankhi
Guru: Bharadwaj
Surnames:-
Vahara, Bhoriya, Dhadhalka, Bamniya, Bhimdevaka
Swar
Lineage (Vansh): Suryavanshi
Gotra: Gahlot
Guru: Kashyapa
Surnames:-
Sudnawar, Hegadkar, Balar, Barange, Dhpatwar, Gele, Dinde, Sirgire, Goikar, Satye.
Takale
Lineage (Vansh): Suryavanshi
Gotra: Gahlot
Guru: Kashyapa
Surnames:-
Arade, Tupe, Tikale.
Tawar
Lineage(Vansh): Yaduvanshi
Gotra: Tawar
Guru: Gargayan
Surnames:-
Karkante (Katiyare), Phunke (Phakare), Tamade, Dhawade, Malpawar, Pulke, Vadge,
Thengal
Lineage (Vansh): Suryavanshi
Gotra: Gahlot
Guru: Kashyapa
Surnames:-
Sangane, Tule, Thengale
Thombre
Lineage (Vansh): Yaduvanshi
Gotra: Tomara
Guru: Gargayan
Surnames:-
Sonawle, Vhate, Katmare.
Thorat/Waykule
Lineage (Vansh): Suryavanshi
Gotra: Gahlot
Guru: Kashyapa
Surnames:-
Anawase, Mahanwar, Tanal, Khatke, Pavne, Satpute, Lokhande, Shigwate, Deokar, Kalgude, Dhakar, Barve, Khamgal, Supkar, Supne, Late, Pandharmise, Sumne, Patole,Tonde, Rahinj, Bhagwat, Gadade,
Tomar
Lineage(Vansh): Chandravanshi
Gotra: Tomar
Guru: Garga
Surnames:-
Tomar, Tawar (Thambar), Indoliya, (Indoriya), Kourwa, Hantal, Shishupal (Shirshawal, Sirsawal, Sirsawar), Hareliya, Kasturi (Kasturiya), Dahaliya, Jandhara, Gadwal
Vadhel
Lineage(Vansh): Suryavanshi
Gotra:
Guru:
Surnames:-
Mundhawa
Vala/Wala
Lineage(Vansh):
Gotra: Vala
Guru:
Surnames:-
Vala, Boliya
Waghela / Baghela
Lineage(Vansh): Suryavanshi
Gotra:
Guru:
Surnames:-
Katariya, Mir, Bhimani, Sekani, Dewasthara, Bawaliya, Sadidiya, Bajudiya, Shiyaniya, Kadipara, Gangadiya, Bhilodiya, Lilapara, Kapeliya, Malakiya, Sapara, Rojahara, Aolakiya, Dhargiya, Hadadiya, Jakhadiya, Gorani, Patamiya, Sotiya, Dambala, Bhokalpa,
Wakse
Lineage (Vansh): Suryavanshi
Gotra: Gahlot
Guru: Kashyapa
Surnames:-
Uske, Maske, Choramle, Sirsat, Bangale, Kurhade, Mugutrao.
Yadav
Lineage(Vansh): Chandravanshi
Gotra: Yadav
Guru: Kaudinya
Surnames:-
Yadav, Nabhada (Nabhaka), Ransinh, Navale, Dubal, Dhanpal, Dhampal, Umthere, Bhole, Kajalag, Ghag, Waghela, Bawale, Aaute, Pingale, Phakade, Ghone, Sirke, Dhekale, Kattare, Jagpal, Malerao, Phalke, Sinhe (Sinha), Dharat, Pathare, Patare, Bhojke, Mukhmane (Makhbara), Mahajan, Podare, Bulake, Gade, Bawar, Hote, Rahatad, Hodge, Turiye, Namate, Tomar, Gawali
Yadav
Lineage(Vansh): Chandravanshi
Gotra: Yadav
Guru: Kaudinya
Surnames:-
Radha (Rada, Rahada), Gaikwar, Kewala (Kubaraila), Banaphal (Banaphar), Bhati, Dabi (Dabhi, Dobhiya)
Yadav
Lineage(Vansh): Chandravanshi
Gotra:
Guru:
Surnames:-
Bhatiya, Gokika (Golakiya), Jathur, Korali, Dhangiya (Kanjiya), Cheriya, Thunga, Ugiya (Udhadhala, Uradhala), Dadura (Dorala), Harniya (Holapat), Bauwar, Bagiya (Badhadhala, Baradhala), Munchala (Malawa), Goga, Chausala, Baraliya
Yedage
Lineage (Vansh): Suryavanshi
Gotra: Gahlot
Guru: Kashyapa
Surnames:-
Hajare, Jedage, Sanne, Jugdar, Jondhale, Jawalge, Garande, Redke, Yedke, Yedge, Edke.
Zhala
Lineage(Vansh): Chandravanshi
Gotra: Zhala
Guru: Vasishta
Surnames:-
Zhala
Some South Indian Clans
Aadina, Aanne, Adwar Hadasale, Amme, Andara, Anne, Arisina, Aoti, Arasu, Arei, Asalu, Asli, Aslu, Atti, Ballari, Banda, Bandi, Banni, Basalu, Basari, Belada, Bevina, Bhoja, Bijjala, Bilwa, Bira, Bosa, Bosala, Bujjenige, Chandana, Chitalu, Dande, Dani, Dasari, Devadaru, Duddidana, Eralu, Gali, Gauda, Gogandi, Hande, Hariwana, Harusha, Hatte, Hothana, Jadi, Jande, Janni, Kachana, Kaggala, Kambli, Kampala, Kankaitayana, Kateda, Kawadi, Kenchalu, Kolle, Kote, Kundan, Kuniwa, Kuppina, Kuwala, Majjana, Malle, Mallige, Manasina, Manne, Mautte, Masalu, Mesalu, Michina, Misu, Muruhinda, Mutina, Nagara, Nagare, Nahi, Nali, Nalige, Nilli, Nonaba, Rajakula, Sada, Sakala, Salva, Samanta, Sampige, Sangam, Sangara, Sannakambli, Sasalu, Semant, Sena, Sevige, Simpala, Tarugara, Thagaru, Tube, Unne, Uppina, Wanagare,
Oraon Clans
Majority of oraon write their gotra (Kerketta, Xalxo, Xaxa, Xess, Tirkey,Toppo,Tigga, Kujur,Minz, Ekka Barla,Barwa, Indwar, Lakra, Beck, Dhanwar/Dhangar, Baghwar,Kachhap, kindo, Kispota, kanda, Kokro, Gaddi, Khoya, Chermanko,Dadel, Niya, Panna, Bakula, Basa, Bando,Bhagat, Binko, Beck, Munjni, Runda, Linda,Son, Rawna, etc) with their name. However, those who follow Tana Bhagat principle orSarna Dharma write Bhagat in place of gotra. Many prefer to write Oraon as second name in place of gotra.
Notable Dhangars
Kingdoms
Dwaraka Kingdom
Kunti Kingdom
Holkars
The Great Maharaja Yashwantrao Holkar was the first freedom fighter who made an army, in 1803, mostly consisting of Dhangars to fight with the British and to drive them out of India single handedly. He built a factory to manufacture cannons. He appealed to the rest of the Kings of India and said, "First Country and then Religion. We will have to rise above caste, religion and our states in the interest of our country. You too must wage a war against the British like me". His appeal fell on deaf ears as all of them had already signed treaties with the British. The Dhangars took part in the revolt of 1857. Many of them were hanged till death in Berar (M.P.). The British were so much afraid of Dhangars that they made a law banning purchase of land by Dhangars stating a reason that they were not Kunbis (Agriculturists). They were oppressed in all spheres of life, they were never allowed to come forward. He was the only King in India to whom the British approached to sign a peace treaty. Initially he refused to sign any treaty with the British but when he saw that rest of the Kings were not ready to unite and were interested in personal benefits he was the last to sign a treaty with the British on 24 December 1805 at Rajghat. He didn’t accept any condition which would affect his self respect.
Hoysalas
Vijayanagar Empire
Rashtrakutas
Maurya
Pallavas
Political
Late Shivajirao Shendge
Prakashanna Shendge M.L.C.(Maharashtra) BJP
Anandrao Devkate Ex-Minister (Maharashtra) Congress(I)
Ganpatrao Deshmukh M.L.A. (Maharashtra) PWP
Annasaheb Dange Ex-Minister (Maharashtra)
Mahadeo Jankar (Maharashtra) President RSP
B K Kokare. Founder, Yashwant Sena.
Social Workers / Reformists
Anna Hazare
Krantiveer Bapu Biru Wategaonkar
India
General Sri Nagesh
Kapil Sibal - Union Minister
Bandaru Dattatreya - Former Union Minister.
Siddaramaiah - Former Deputy Chief Minister of Karnataka
Laxmidevi Ramanna - First woman representative in Mysore Assembly.
Sangolli Rayanna was a prominent freedom fighter. He continued the struggle till 1829. Finally he was captured by treachery and hanged. At the time of being hanged he said "My last wish is to be born again in the country to fight against the British and drive them away from our sacred soil".
Writers
N. D. Mahanor
Adv.Dilip Yedatkar,Editor Daily Matadar
See also
Khandoba
Eklingji
Pashupati / Shree Pashupatinath
Veer Mhaskoba
Beeralingeswara
Janai Malai
External links
Distribution of Y Haplogroup
Pastorial People Worldwide
Molecular insight into the genesis of ranked caste populations of western India by Sonali Gaikwad and VK Kashyap
Gene differentiation among the Dhangar caste-cluster of Maharashtra, India
Dances of Maharashtra
Jejuri
Dhangar Matrimonies
http://www.vidyaonline.net/arvindgupta/mythandreality.pdf
http://illiad.biblio.com/isbn/351501926X.html
Matrimonial distance, inbreeding coefficient and population size: Dhangar data
The Warlis and the Dhangars
[1]
References
Karve, Irawati, 1969, Maharashtra, land and people. Bombay.
Enthoven, R.E., 1920, Tribes and castes of Bombay Presidency. Bombay.
Sontheimer, G.D., 1975, ‘The Dhangars’, In L.S. Leshnik and G.D. Sontheimer, (eds.), Nomads and pastoralists in South Asia. Wiesbaden.
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